Agriculture of Denmark. 
313 
Tlie Danisli inonarcliy produces annually, on an averag'e, 
3,571,000 (juarters of oats, of wliirli half in Jutland. Though the 
production is larger than that of any other kind of grain, yet the 
export is but third in order, the home consumption being very 
large. The annual export does not now exceed 370,000 quarters, 
but twenty years ago it was only about 140,000 quarters. 
Biick-Wlieat is principally cultivated where the soil is least 
fertile. In Jutland, especially on the west coast, it constitutes 
one-tenth of the entire grain harvest. In the duchies it is also 
grown, particularly in the more sandy soil of their central dis- 
tricts. Its cultivation is not generally profitable, because of the 
great uncertainty of the yield, which varies from two to sixteen 
fold. The export of buck- wheat is very variable. In 1854, 
66,736 quarters were exported ; in 1857, only 12,540 ; in 1858 
and 1859 the export averaged 25,437 quarters, of which Holland 
and Belgium receive the largest quantities. The average weight 
of the buck-wheat is about 110 to 114 lbs. Dutch per barrel (or 
53 to 54 lbs. English per bushel). 
Peas. — The culture of this plant is confined to some particular 
districts. On the islands of Moen and Falster they constitute 
about twenty per cent, of the harvest, but they are also cultivated 
on the islands of Bornholm and Laaland and in the southern 
parts of Sealand. In the duchies they are met with only in the 
marshes, the north-east districts of Holstein, and on the island of 
Femern. Different varieties are grown, among which may be 
mentioned the green and the grey vegetable peas, and the small 
green and grey, used as fodder for cattle. 
The export of peas is trifling, though it has increased within 
twenty years from about 24,000 to 42,000 quarters. 
Beans are cultivated only in the most fertile districts of the 
duchies, principally in the marshes, where they grow luxu- 
riantly. Since 1845 the export has more than doubled, and 
now averages 25,000 quarters. 
Potatoes. — About twenty or twenty-five years ago the cultiva- 
tion of this root increased to a great extent in Denmark, till it 
became the principal food of the yeoman and the peasant, but 
the disease which attacked it in so many countries in 1845 also 
affected it here, and since then its production has materially 
decreased ; thus, previous to 1845, about 1,140,000 bushels were 
annually exported, while, since that time, the export has scarcely 
reached half that quantity ; they are principally sent to Hamburg 
and Norway. From the potato a spirit is distilled, of which a 
considerable quantity is used in the country and some exported 
to Sweden. But, while the potato has of late received less atten- 
tion, other plants have received more ; for instance, beet-root, 
cabbages, and turnips ; and it is evident that in a few years they 
