Steam Culture. 
417 
Of this outlay the engine, such an one as is most suitable for 
general ])urposes, costs one-half; all the remainder of the appa- 
ratus beside the rope is described by Mr. Pike as very durable, — 
an opinion more or less corroborated by the evidence of other 
owners. 
With respect to the rope, although placed under different con- 
ditions, its wear and tear seem to have ranged between nearly 
the same limits as in the case of the Fowler ; ropes have been 
almost worn out by the cultivation of 800 or 900 acres ; have 
cost 6s. per day, &c. &c. ' 
The substitution of steel for iron in their manufacture seems,, 
however, to have been a decided improvement, and to promise 
better average results for the future. 
Although the rope used by Smith is much longer than Fowler's, 
still from the less strain put upon it, and its consequent less 
thickness, its cost is smaller. 
Careful management will probably much diminish the wear, 
if the rope is neatly coiled round the windlass and not allowed to 
" kink " after being slack ; and there is no risk, as in the case of 
the Fowler, of the rope being allowed to grate along the land side 
of a stony furrow. 
In either case, how much of the wear of the rope is due to the 
soil, how much to the machinery, how much to a clOse-biting 
grip, and how much to the risk of the slack rope, how much to the 
pulleys and changes of direction which the engineer will notice, 
and how much to contingencies which practice and observation 
will alone discover — all these must remain as points for further 
investigation ; at present we can only charge Smith's cultivator 
for rope at the same proportional rate as Fowler's. 
The account will stand thus : — 
£. s. d. 
En::^ne, 2-3rds of 25 per cent, on 255? 42 0 0 
Eope, 61? 27 0 0 
Windlass, anchors, &c., 15 per cent, on 135?. .. 20 0 0 
Cultivators, and turnbow, 15 jier cent, on 54?. .. 7 10 0 
Shares, &c 5 0 0 
Total 101 10 0 
or say 1/. on 100 days. 
If to this sum 2Ga'.* be added for the daily expense of men, 
coals, oil, &c., the total charge against Smith's cultivator will 
be 46s. per day, at which rate land may be broken up for 9s. Zd. 
s. 
* Labour 15 
Coals 8 
Oil 1 
Removals 2 
26 
