Farming of Yorkshire. 
89 
the means of doing this are to be found within ourselves, at 
bur \ ery doors. 
With a view of simplifying- our subject, we purpose to arrange 
our observations into two divisions — viz., first, Landlords' Im- 
provements ; and, secondly, Tenants' Improvements. For though 
the result is identical, namely, improvcvicnt, the means are and 
must be essentially difTerent, and therefore can bo more clearly 
defined by suc h a division. 
1. Landlords' Improvements. 
That the improvements made by the landlords of Yorkshire 
have kept pace with the requirements of the present day would 
be a bold assertion. But those who have performed their duty 
in the widest sense of the word are far too numerous to particu- 
larise, and, were a just tribute paid to their worth, we should ex- 
ceed the limits prescribed. Suffice it to say, Yorkshire is proud 
of her landlords, and their tenants respond to their efforts. 
We know many farms where an outlay of Al. to bl. per acre 
has been made on new buildings erected on plans combining 
comfort, convenience, and healthiness ; a similar amount on 
drainage, and a considerable sum in making roads, enlarging the 
fields, filling up ditches, and planting new hedgerows — amounting 
to a total of 127. an acre thus added to the wealth of the country, 
and enabling the tenant to produce a yearly increased supply 
for the wants of the community. In carrying out these improve- 
ments, it is usually required of the tenant that he should pay an 
annual interest or increase of rent equivalent to five per cent, on 
the sum expended — an understanding mutually beneficial. 
The landlords' attention has also been directed to the manufac- 
ture of tile and pipe machines ; to their efforts do we chiefly owe 
the valuable and superior machines now in use. In order to 
obtain a good supply, many landlords have been compelled, by 
their distance from the tile-yards or the inferior quality of the 
goods there sold, to establish works for themselves, and thus a 
better article is substituted for the partially-burnt and ill-made 
tile of former days. 
Within the limits of the period to which this notice extends, 
we date the perfecting of implements for digging the arterial and 
parallel drains, and the reduction of the expense of draining to 
the minimum consistent with good workmanship. 
In some parts of the countv considerable care has been be- 
stowed in erecting buildings with regard to effect ; we hail this 
commencement with pleasure, and doubt not but that shortly 
architecture, in the proper sense, will fully assert her claims, 
and picturesque beauty be combined with utility. 
The good feeling which exists between the improving landlord 
