90 
Farmin(j of Yorlisliire. 
;ind his intelli<Tent tenant, springing mainly from a just estimate 
ol their mutual interests, has prompted the former to co-operate 
Avith his tenant in the purchase of guano and in the introduction 
of improved stoc k, implements, seeds, fencing, &c. ; thus enabling 
him to have a supply of the best materials to aid his efforts. On 
some farms held by the landlords in their own hands much 
service is thus rendered to the surrounding tenantry, of which we 
might cite instances that strongly tempt us to depart from our 
determination to speak of improving landlords only as a class, 
rather than do but partial justice by selecting individual cases. 
Much attention has been bestowed of late on the improvement 
of cottages, an object which the prizes for the best plans lately 
awarded by the Yorkshire Society will do much to promote. 
In the demand for timber and wood, which the landlord re- 
serves to himself, there have been important variations. The 
great increase in the consumption of iron for shipbuilding, by 
diminishing the use of wood, has caused a considerable fall in 
the price of English oak within the last fifteen or twenty years. 
The reduction in the duties on foreign timber and deals has 
diminished the demand for some kinds of English Avood. On 
the other hand, our expanding energies have opened out new 
sources of demand from our mines, our factories, our buildings, 
our agricultural implements, <S:c., and prevented that general 
decline in prices which was anticipated on the removal of the 
timber duties. Many landlords make more money per acre by 
growing wood than by letting land in farms. Fewer ash and 
more elm are now planted, but a rise to the value of fifty per cent, 
has taken place in osiers for basket-makers, and a great demand 
exists in the West Riding for coal-pit wood, for props, baskets, 
«Scc. 
Mr. Pusey, in his admirable paper on the progress of agricul- 
tural knowledge during the eight years from 1842 to 1850, sums 
up the improvements demanded at the hands of the landlords 
under the twelve following heads, all of them applicable to 
Yorkshire {Journal, vol. xi. p. 381) : — 
1. — Draining : (1) Trunk draining ; (2) Under draining. 
2. — The removal of useless fences : (1) Fences ; (2) Trees, 
o. — Diminution of four-footed game. 
4. - — Burnt clay : (1) Border burning ; (2) Clod burning. 
5. — Marling or claying : (1) Sands ; (2) Peat. 
G. — Lime : liming grass-land. 
7. — Boning pastures. 
8. — Chalking. 
9. — Irrigation, or catch-meadows : (1) Hill side ; (2) Flat ; 
(3) Flood. 
