Farming of Yorkshire. 
91 
10. — Bieakinji; up grass-land. 
11. — Improvement of farm buildings. 
12. — Warping. 
The list is at first siglit sufficient to appal any man whose 
pocket is not inexhaustible ; but examination proves them all to 
be valuable if not indispensaljle to the development of agriculture. 
Have the Yorkshire landlords responded to these requisitions ? 
We fear to press the inquiry. If we except numbers 4, 9, and 
perhaps 10 of these twelve heads, an estate is not perfect unless 
the other requisitions are complied with. On the hills, liming, 
chalking, and marling ; on the lowlands, draining, removing fences 
and trees, diminishing game, claying sand and peat, warping where 
practicable, liming and boning grass-land, are required. Mr. 
Pusey justly and consideratelv says, " these are the improve- 
ments which it is in the landlords' power to effect :" in other 
words, we place the standard before you ; we invite you to 
examine it and follow it on vour own estates for the full develop- 
ment of the resources of the land. 
Yorkshire, having a moister climate than many of the 
southern counties, derived the greatest benefit from covered 
yards for cattle, which are equally applicable to high and low 
districts, combine shelter with warmth, preserve those elements 
in the manure which are apt to be lost when exposed, and are 
invaluable for the economical feeding of cattle and horses. We 
did not venture to urge this on the attention of landlords and 
tenants before we had fully tried the effect, and, having satisfied 
ourselves of the advantage of the shed system, we recommend it 
with confidence : it is as superior to box-feeding as that was to 
the old-fashioned cattle-house. The manure is always excellent 
in quality, ready for use at any time ; nothing is lost, no liquid- 
manure tanks are wanted. Our shed has repaid its cost, once if 
not twice, and on no consideration would we return to the old 
system of open yards. When new buildings are wanted, the 
covered yard is not more costly than the old-fashioned open range 
of buildings, and excellent materials in iron or timber can be 
procured at a moderate outlay. 
No more acceptable or convincing proof of the improvement 
in agriculture can be given than the fact of the increased value of 
land — an increase not fluctuating with the price of grain, but 
permanent and steadv. When an estate is in the market, which 
occurs but seldom, the land makes, at a moderate computation, 
fully ten per cent, more than it would have brought twelve years 
ago. The improvements effected by the landlords naturally 
command a higher rental. This state of things must be satis- 
lactory, and has fulfilled the anticipation expressed by an able 
