94 
l'\innin(/ of Yorhslihc. 
on a grass-field of about seven acres, wliieli from an almost 
barren waste lias become so fertile tliat W(> liave ceased to irrigate 
it and are now dressing another field. No solid dung, such as 
stable or foldvard manure, has been applied to the vinery for the 
last ten years, yet the vines have produced an abundance of fruit 
and in the greatest perfection ; and with regard to fruit the straw- 
ben-ies are more than usually prolific. Two common lift-pumps 
are fixed to the cisterns ; the liquid is pumped by hand and 
wheeled away in a barrel suspended in a convenient barrow. 
When applied to the grass-land, one of Crosskill's liquid manure- 
distributors is used. We estimate its yearly value on our farm 
and garden to thirty tons of good dung, worth 12Z. The facility 
with which liquids are now dealt with is shown in the ' Report on 
the Drainage of Whittlesea Mere,' by Wells (Journal, vol. xxi., 
pp. 134). Such a scheme, which involves the lifting of 6000 
gallons of water six feet a minute, could only have been carried 
out by the use of steam-power ; and many a town presents facilities 
for draining off its sewage and conveying it to the surrounding 
land which would render the task as easy as that of reclaiming 
the Mere. Eut where shall we find such spirited men as accom- 
plished that task ? England has been foremost in other improve- 
ments of late years : let her lead the van in this great modern 
experiment. 
Mr. Joseph Mitchell, F.R.S.E., Member of the Institute of 
Civil Engineers, speaking of the results of experiments in distri- 
buting sewage at Rugby, says, " That any town (unless London, 
from its immense size, be an exception), not particularly unfortu- 
nate in its situation, may profitably utilize its sewage, even though 
steam-power and iron pipes have to be made use of to a certain 
extent ; for I think that, on a rough estimate, the sewage of the 
town applied at the rate of one acre to every forty inhabitants 
would on an average add about 4/. per annum to the value of that 
acre, which c omes to 1/. for every ten inhabitants — gross, not net 
value — subject to numerous exceptions and conditions." 
A series of events are taking place which press the subject 
more than ever upon our notice. In consequence of the limited 
supplies, Peruvian guano has been raised to a price which greatly 
restricts its consumption. America and the Continent, the West 
Indies and the Mauritius, are as good, if not better, customers 
than Ave are. The shipments of bone-ash from South America 
are falling off, and will every year diminish, for the use of bones 
is increasing considerably abroad. Linseed cakes are very dear, 
being at the time we write 121. per ton. There has been no 
response to the offer made by the Society of lOOOZ. to the dis- 
coverer of another Ichaboe. Our population is increasing ; beef 
