102 
Fanni)ig of YorhsJdi-e. 
outlay, and if, by the strictest economy, tliey save capital, it is 
invested in other securities, as if the farm they occupied owed 
nothing to the landlord but the rent ; nor does it even enter into 
their consideration that from their slovenliness and neglect, want 
of skill and good management, they inflict a loss upon the com- 
munity at large. It is pleasant to turn to a brighter picture, and 
record what has been accomplished by a different class of 
men in — 
1st. High-land Farming. — This includes a large district, called 
the Wolds, extending in a north-easterly direction from Hcssle to 
Flamborough Head, and embracing some of the best farming to be 
found in this count}' — or perhaps in any other. Caird says of this 
district : " It presents a very uniform and gradually inclined plane, 
joining the low-land on the south-east, and rising to its greatest 
elevation on the north about 800 feet above sea-level, whence it 
gradually falls southward to an altitude of about 500 feet. The 
country is well enclosed generally by thorn hedges, and planta- 
tions everywhere grouped over its surface add beauty to the 
outline, while they shelter the fields from the cutting blasts of 
winter and spring. Green pasture fields are occasionally inter- 
mixed with corn, or more frequently surround the spacious and 
comfortable homestead ; large and numerous corn-ricks give an 
air of warmth and plenty ; whilst the turnip-fields, crowded with 
sheep, make a cheerful and animated picture. . , . The neatly 
trimmed hedges and well-built ricks show that the labourer is 
expert, and that the farmer likes to have his work well done." 
There is no decline to record in the superior style of farming so 
long pursued by the spiiited farmers in this district ; and if we are 
unable to mention many improvements, it is because, compara- 
tively, there was but little room left for them. A few, however, have 
come under our notice, of which perhaps the greatest has been 
effected by the free expenditure of the tenant's capital in the 
purchase of artificial manures. The able work of Liebig, now used 
as a text-book, has greatly increased the use of these manures, by 
imparting the knowledge required for their proper application ; 
indeed the recent I'esearches of scientific men have clearly proved 
the inaccuracy of many principles which had previously been 
received as correct, and discovered many defective points in the 
management of manure, besides bringing to light those valuable 
artificial manures, with their use, to which the Wold district is 
especially indebted for its present high cultivation. Under their 
guidance the use of bones, formerly bestowed with lavish extra- 
vagance, has been regulated, and hand tillages supplied in such 
quantities as to combine efficiency with due economy ; many of 
them containing those elements which, when applied on the soil, 
retain the moisture or the gases of the atmosphere, thereby 
