15G 
Rearing of Calves. 
mash or two, or a dose of physic, may set all right. But if, on 
examination, the muzzle is a little dry, and the root of the horn 
hot, and she heaves (although not much) at the flanks, and the 
coat is not so sleek as usual, and she is a little off her feed, let 
her be bled. Experience will teach the farmer that these chest 
affections in cattle often and speedily assume a highly in- 
flammal)l(> character, and that they must be conquered at first or 
not at all." 
I have often found in the first stage of common catarrh or 
cold a little nitre given at night in a bran mash have an excellent 
effect. This nitre, or nitrate of potash, is very useful and 
effective in allaying inflammatory symptoms ; it also acts mildly 
on the kidneys. Two drachms in a little bran would be sufficient 
for an ordinary calf. It will be found to act on the skin, opening 
the pores, and inducing perspiration. So, while an animal is 
under its influence, great care must be taken to guard against 
sudden chills, and, by careful housing, to assist the medicine in 
its operation. If the cough should not^yield to a few doses of 
this simple kind, we must add tartar emetic and digitalis, both 
most valuable medicines in cases where fever is present. A 
most severe case of inflammation in a heifer of mine was a short 
time since most successfully combated by the administration of 
frequent but small doses of these medicines, without having 
recourse to bleeding. 
There are few things so annoying to cattle as lice. By their 
attacks the skin is kept in such a constant state of irritation that 
the animal can neither feed nor rest in peace, and it is hopeless 
to expect improvement and thrift while these pests remain in the 
hair. A thoroughly healthy beast will seldom be infested with 
lice unless near cattle that are so affected. A good state of health 
seems to repel, as much as a poverty-stricken beast would attract 
them. Unless checked they increase very rapidly, and whoever 
it was who said " they are grandfathers in twenty-four hours after 
their birth," seemed to have formed a tolerably correct opinion of 
their powers of increase. Powders may be recommended for 
their destruction, but an oleaginous application will be found the 
surest. Mercurial ointment would destroy them at once, but I 
hesitate to advise its use, fearing salivation. Strong tobacco- 
water, or sheep-dressing, will doubtless cause much relief, but I 
question whether they will be as effectual as train or linsped oil. 
After its application, and when the lice are found dead in the 
hair, a washing of soap and water will serve much to cleanse the 
skin from scurf and irritation, and prove very agreeable to the 
animal. 
Quarter-ill, Black-quarter, Joint-murrain, Sfc. — No disease 
has so many names. This mav be accounted for from the variety 
