218 Report on the Exhibition of Live Stock at Leeds. 
32 cwts. of litter. This is equal to about 19i lbs. of straw per 
head per day ; and according to this estimate each ton of litter 
gives 5 tons of fresh dung. 
The average result of the 6 experiments at Woburn gives 133 
lbs. litter per head per week, or I'J lbs. per day ; and the amount 
of fresh dung corresponding to this was blh \h%. per week, or 
82^ lbs. per day. Or, as the Table shows, 100 lbs. of litter gave 
on the average 434 ll)s. fresh dung ; that is, 1 part litter gave 
4i parts dung. 
But it is generally estimated that more than twice as much 
litter must be employed por h-'ail, when animals are fed in open 
yards. Assuming this to be the case, and supposing, for the sake 
of illustration, the weight of fresh dung to bear the same pro- 
portion to that of the litter in both cases, it is obvious that a given 
amount of litter used in open yards, will be saturated with only 
about half as much of the excrements of animals as it would be 
in boxes, the remainder of the moisture being made up by rain. 
At any rate, it is clear, that the amount of the constituents 
derived from animal excrements that will be carted to the field in 
each ton of dung, will be extremely variable according to the 
mode of its manufacture. In fact, a given amount of litter may be 
made the vehicle of conveying to the field, at an equal cost of 
cartage, about twice as much of the valual)le constituents of 
animal excrements in the one case as in the other. 
From the facts given above it may be concluded, as a general 
average estimate, that when full-grown oxen are fed in boxes they 
will require about 20 lbs. of straw per head per day, as litter ; and 
that they will produce fresh dung equal to about 4J times the 
weight of the litter used. 
XIII. — Report on the Exhibition of Live Stock at Leeds. By 
W. Fisher Hobbs, Senior Steward. 
As I consider that the sooner such Reports as these are pub- 
lished, the more valuable they are likely to be, I hasten at once 
to embody such information as I have been favoured with by 
some of the gentlemen who acted as Judges at the Leeds 
Meeting. 
My own part in this might be very briefly summed up, when I 
echo the general opinion that the Royal Agricultural Society of 
England has " never had so successful a show." Of course there 
were one or two kinds of stock, such as the Herefords and 
Devons, which might have been better represented ; but any 
falling off in these classes must not be taken as evincing any 
decline in the character or popularity of such breeds ; the 
