Osborne. 
3G1 
ing^-machino ; the barn completes this side of the quadrangle. 
The third side is occupied witli boiler and well, carpenter's shop, 
and cattle shed. The yard in this block is used for the store 
beasts, in preparation for the boxes. Here also, against the road, 
is the liquid manure tank, into which everything drains. In 
the rear of these two blocks, are the stables, a provision store 
100 feet long, and a cart shed, with a granary over of the same 
length. Two implement sheds, each 90 feet long, complete the 
farm buildings, of which it may be said that they are sufficient, 
commodious, and thoroughly practical. The walls are brick 
covered with slate. The granary is on brick ai'ches with iron 
girders, and having the floor covered with patent cement as a 
protection against vermin. The engine is 8 horse power, by 
Easton and Amos, and does a variety of slavish Avork — threshing- 
and cleaning corn, cutting chaff and roots, crushing oilcake, 
splitting beans and peas, bruising oats, grinding corn and tools, 
turning the saw-mill for the carpenter, and pumping water for 
the fountains at Osborne. The whole of the stock on the farm 
is supplied by water from a spring on a higher level than the 
buildings. 
Since the land has been drained (and, but for the draining, 
no root-crops could be grown on a good deal of the farm) the 
customary open fallow has been abandoned for the four-course 
system. The farmyard manure is chiefly used on the clover 
leys preparatory to the wheat crop ; but the crops of beans, 
peas, and mangold have their share. The quantity varies, ac- 
cording to the nature and state of the land, from 10 to 20 tons 
an acre. The frequent ploughings, and the continual cleaning 
of the root crops, keep the land, as I can testify, very free from 
Aveeds. I saAV no couch, only a little water-grass in spots. The 
Avheat stubbles are ploughed with four horses 8 inches deep. The 
other ploughings are with two horses, 5 inches deep ; and the 
work seemed to me to be executed with ease and celerity. No 
scarifier is used. The harrowing is done by appending four 
harrows to a pole, covering a 14|^ feet land, drawn by four 
horses, two at each end, in line, Avalking in the furrows on either 
side of the land. Thus is treading avoided — the great deside- 
ratum of every farmer in this heavy country. The Avheat is 
broadcasted, two bushels per acre, and not hoed, hoeing being 
the protection against annual weeds, of which there are few 
here. In the Island generally wheat is mown ; here Burgess 
and Key's reaper, with a side delivery, is used. Of the 
turnips three fourths are consumed in the fold ; one fourth 
(together Avith all the mangold) is hauled home. They are 
drilled in Avith 3 or 4 cwt. of superphosphate and compost. 
The mangold have in addition a farmyard dressing, that root 
