418 Lcn/infi down Land to Permanent Pasture. 
been thoroughly cleaned, and the annual weeds get ahead of the 
rough grass, they may be destroyed by mowing as soon as the 
grass is six inches high ; and another is, that if from irregular 
sowing, or from the roller not having passed over every part of 
the field, some bare spots occur, they may be discovered and re- 
sown in good time. 
In sowing corn with the grass-seeds some of the finer kinds of 
grasses are almost sure to fail, especially if the corn crop is 
heavy and becomes lodged. Still much might be said, and is 
said, in favour of this latter practice ; and, seeing that the obtain- 
ing a crop of oats or barley is an important matter with most 
farmers, we would by no means condemn the practice, especially 
as the seedsman can, if duly informed of the intention of his cus- 
tomer, provide such sorts and proportions of grass and clover- 
seeds as will, under ordinary circumstances, insure a full plant. 
The quantity of corn sown should not be more than 2 bushels 
per acre, and oats are generally less injurious to grass than 
barley. 
Sounnr/ Graxs-secds with Wheat. — It not unfrequently happens 
that a field already sown with wheat is desired for adding to the 
grass-lands ; and if it is pretty clean, there is no objection 
or difficulty in effecting this, provided the seeds are sown suf- 
ficiently early before the wheat is too high. Upon autumn-sown 
wheat the grass-seeds might be sown as early as the middle of 
February, if the weather be open, as the wheat will defend the 
young grass from any injury by frost ;*but if the wheat is very 
backward, or stands thin on the ground, the sowing may with 
advantage be deferred. 
On spring-sown wheats the grass-seeds should be sown as soon 
as the corn is 2 or 3 inches high ; and as all the tillage required 
will be l)ush-harrowing before sowing, and rolling afterwards, no 
injury to the wheat-plant need be feared. 
The most suitahle Weather for Sowim/ Grass-seeds. — Choose a 
fine day when the land is tolerably dry, but when there are indi- 
cations of approaching rain. These are much more favourable 
conditions for the seeds to fall on the land than rainy or showery 
weather, as they are more likely to be evenly covered, and will 
be very gradually absorbing moisture from the soil pi'evious to 
the fall of rain, which they will be in a condition to receive with 
benefit ; whereas, if sown after a shower, as is too frequently 
done, these advantages are not obtained, but after the seeds have 
become saturated with moisture, the dry weather returns, and 
they become " malted." 
The sorts of Grasses and Clovers most suitahle for Permanent 
Pasture. — This is perhaps the most important point of all in 
laying down land. The natural grasses vary exceedingly as to 
