Rcpoli oil the Exli Wition and Trials of Implements at Leeds. 463 
exhibited a six-liorso jiower cloubit-cylindcr cugiue, ruaiinfacUircd by Messrs. 
T. and J. Law, of Leicester, witli windlass, anchors, snatchblocks, and culti- 
vator, made upon the plan of Mr. Smitli of Woolston. Tlu; engine boiler wiis, 
however, so badly stayed that it was (hicmed unsafe by the engineers, Messrs, 
Amos .and Owen, and was, on that account, not allowed to work. The Judges 
would gladly have worked the Woolston aiiparatus by aiiothc^r engine, but 
when this set of tackle was again cncjuircd for, it could not be found, 'i'hey 
very much regret that they were thus prevented from comjjaring the merits 
of this and otlier modes of cultiv.ation. 
riot No. 3 was assigned to Messrs. Koby and Co., of Lincoln, who exhibited a 
very good 12-horse power, double-cylinder, self-propelling engine, having 
Chandler and Oliver's jiatent drum-ploughing windlass attached, so as to revolve 
on its hind travelling axle ; together with snatchblocks, anchors, rope-porters, 
and 1200 yards of steel wire rope, intended to work a three-furrowed plough. In 
consequence of the anchors giving waj' repeatedly, and of the plough breaking, 
it was impossible to record any facts in favour of this entry. The i)lough was 
heavy and unmanageable, requiring an enormously wide headland on wliich to 
get in and out of work. The work done in this case was fair. To the engine 
and windlass, which was simple and efficient, a medal was awarded. 
Next in order, upon plot 4, came Messrs. Richardson and Darley, of Kirton- 
in-Lindsej', Lincolnshire, with a steam traction engine, and a windlass invented 
by Mr. Beard, of Stowe Park, and manufactured by the exhibitors. They 
commenced working by driving the engine up and down the land, with a two- 
furrow plough attached to it by a chain. The engine was difficult to steer, 
and its passage over the land was thought likely to do as much barm, gene- 
rally, as the plough would do good. The exhibitors argued that the consoli- 
dation was beneficial. This may be true on some soils when intended for a 
crop of wheat, but at all events the pressure should not be so unequally dis- 
tributed as it was in this case, and should take place after, instead of before 
the ploughing. The engine was subsequently made stationary, and the plough 
was worked by a wire rope and Beard's windlass. Part of the land was now 
ploughed exceedingly well, in breadths about ten yards wide, leaving dee^J 
open furrows between them. One of the main advantages of steam cultivation 
— that of doing away with the loss occasioned by open furrows — is thus 
frustrated. No small exertions were also required to turn the plough at the 
land's end. This method of working is, besides, attended with great loss of 
lX)wer and wear of rope, as it can only employ rope-porters on one line of rope, 
the other dragging continuously on the land. The labour employed, in pro- 
portion to the work done, is also excessive ; and the whole system the reverse 
of economical. 
• The loss of power above referred to is best illustrated by the results of the 
following experiment : 450 yards of wire rope, weighing 2 lbs. per yard, were 
attached to a dynamometer, and drawn upon the unploughed turnip land 
without the intervention of rope-porters, when the draught recorded was 527 lbs. 
The same rope, drawn upon a sufficient number of rope-porters to keep it clear 
of the ground, showed a draught of 57 lbs. only. 
Plot 5 was drawn by Mr. Fowler, who very quickly brought his large engine 
and tackle into operation. He commenced working with his so-called " digger." 
This implement is Fowler's plough, but fitted with the Cotgreave mouldboards 
instead of the ordinary ones. This threw over and, to a considerable extent, 
pulverised the soil as completely as if dug with a sjiade. It left, however, 
rather a rough surface for a seed-bed, and when about half the ])lot had been 
so tilled, Mr. Fowler was requested to scarify the remainder. This cultivation 
was preferable in many respects to the other. The surface was finer in conse- 
quence of the soil (already jnilveriscd by the previous superficial tillage) not 
being buried, whilst any grass or weeds were kept on the surface, where they 
would easily be destroyed by subsequent operations. The first two acres were 
