Report oil the Exhibition and Trials of Lnplemenfs at Leeds. 471 
white clover, which had been grazed with sheep. The land was to be scarified 
to the depth of G inches. 
The first to coiumciice was Mr. Hayes, of Watling Works, Stony Stratford, 
in connection with Messrs. Crowley and Son, of Newport Pagncll. The former 
was the manul'acturer and exhibitor of a very good 10-horso power engine, and 
of a |iatent self-acting windlass. Both these were well made, and to the latter, 
which showed some ingenuity, a medal was awarded. The scarifier, anchors, 
and snatchblocks were the production of Crowley and Son. They were 
far too light, and not at all adapted for steam cultivation. The surface was 
]iared very imperfectly to the dejith of about 3^ inches, but in that part of the 
field where this implement worked the rock was so near the surface that no 
very great depth could be attained ; but on being tried on the turnip-field, 
where there was a sufficient depth of soil, it was not much more successful. 
]\Ir. Kirby, of Banbury, came next, with an 8-horse power double-cylinder 
engine, a Beard's wii.'dlass, and a two-furrow plough, manufactured by the 
exhibitor. Mr. Kirby had no scarifier, and the plough was that used by 
Messrs. Kichardson and Co. in the first field. The ploughing was well done, 
but the objections made in Messrs. Richardson's case apply equally to this : 
an 8-horse engine, working at 10-horse power, and six men, were doing the 
work of six horses and three lads. 
Mr. Fowler next commenced with an ordinary 8-horse power ]iortable engine, 
made by Messrs. Clayton, Shuttleworth, and Co., by which a stationary windlass 
was driven, to which was attached a clipping-drum of similar construction to 
those appended to his large engines, but carridd upon a separate pair of wheels. 
The anchors and ploughs were the same as those already noticed, the latter 
being fJ:ted with the same short mouldboards as were used on i)lot ,5, in the 
first trial, Class I. This implement made very good work, and the soil was 
all cut to a depth of 7 inches. Great masses of solid limestone rock were 
riven off without any apparent injury to the plough. Owing to the coulters 
being set in a line with the point of the shares, the smface was not quite so 
much broken as in the case described in the strong-land field, and did not 
therefore present quite so well-cultivated an appearance. 
The last competitors in this part of the trials were the Messrs. Howard, with 
the same cultivator as was first used, but working with three tines only instead 
of five. The plot of 3f acres AN-as broken up at the depth of 4^ inches, in little 
over 4^ hours, at an expenditure of 635 lbs. of coals. The soil moved was 
well divided, and, as broader points were used, a more level bottom was 
obtained. This may be considered the best performance of the Messrs. Howard, 
and their cultivator is well adapted for light soils with a level surface ; but if 
the weight of the soil moved by their implement could be compared with that 
moved by IMr. Fowler's, they would suffer very greatly by the comparison. If 
we coidd have applied that test, our decisions would doubtless have been 
greatly strengthened by it. 
The race for this class being again reduced to Mr. Fowler and the Messrs. 
Howard, they were each ordered to plough 6 acres of clover-ley in the above 
light-land field, but upon a part where a deeper staple prevailed. 
Mr. Fowler worked a four-furrow plough, 6 inches deep, and completed his 
task in 7 hours 44 minutes, to the surprise of all who witnessed the per- 
formance. We may here remark, however, that during all the trials the 
governors of the engines were dispensed with, and engines and men went 
throughout at a racing pace. The furrows in this case were clean cut and well 
turned, and lay well for the action of the harrows. 
Messrs. Howard used a 10-horse engine, and the same three-furrow plough. 
At the commencement the work was similar in character to that made when 
ploughing Class I. ; but towards the conclusion there was great irregularity 
in the width of the first furrow in each series, from 15 to 18 inches being 
attained in many instances. 
