474 Report on the Exhibition and Trials of Implements at Leeds. 
used ill Class I. arc, on the contrary, self-propelling : those of Mr. Fowler not 
only carried more than half the rope on the drums placed imder them, but 
drew the ploughs and sometimes the rope-porters also behind them. These 
rope-))ortcrs, running on their own wheels, are much more easily conveyed 
from field to field than those of iVIessrs. Howard, which must be taken on a 
waggon or some other carriage. The same remark applies to their respective 
anchors ; those of Mr. Fowler travel on their own wheels, and carry with them, 
if required, the remaining portion of the rope, the claw-anchor, and snatch- 
block. In dry weather and for short distances these can be drawn by one 
horse, the engine, which is steered by the ploughman, taking the other parts 
of the apparatus. Messrs. Howard's tackle in Class I. cannot, however, be 
removed witliout the assistance of at least four horses, viz., one to guide 
engine, one to draw plough or scarifier, one for windlass and ropes, and one for 
rope-porters, anchors, snatch-blocks, &c. 
The loss of power occasioned by the wire rope running Tii)on the ground 
instead of over rope-porters has been noticed in reference to the implements of 
Messrs. Eichardson and Darley. To prevent this, Mr. Fowler has made a very 
simple but ingenious addition to his ploughs, by which the rope is either given 
out or taken in as may be required. By means of this self-actmg slack gear, 
the rope is always tight upon the rope-porters, and thus one of the most expen- 
sive items in steam cultivation — that of the wear and tear of the rope — is 
very greatlj' reduced. To prevent the slack rope running too rapidly ofl' their 
drums, Messrs. Howard and others use friction-breaks, but these cannot be 
used without loss of power, and in no case so effectively as to entirely prevent 
the slack rope running on the ground. 
It will be observed wth respect to Mr. Fowler's apparatus that we have 
taken olf 2i per cent, from the sum which has been charged under the head of 
" wear and tear." Most of the steam cultivators have been simplified and 
imjiroved, but Mr. Fowler's is es]3ecially to be commended in this respect. 
In working his apparatus one-third less rope suffices than is requisite for that 
of the Messrs. Howai-d ; and, with pro])er attention to the rope-porters, Mr. 
Fowler's rope is carried almost entirely off the ground. This, we need scarcely 
add, is a most important source of economy, which none of his opponents 
possess. 
Class II. — Cost o/Kiuby's Apparatus. — I'lo"g/niig on Light Land — Clover-ley. 
Manual labour per day, viz. : £. s. d. 
2 anchormen, at 2s. 4(1 048 
1 eiigineman 0 34 
1 ploughman 03 4 
2 porter-boys, at Is. 3(/ 0 2 6 
0 13 10 
Water-cart 040 
Oil 0 10 
0 18 10 
Interest at 5 per cent, per annum, and wear and tear) 
at 15 per cent, on 3781. = 75l. 12s., divided amongl 0 7 (> 
200 working days, or per day ) 
1 G 4 
Coals consumed per day of 10 hours, h cwts. 3 qrs.^ . ,„ 
12 lbs., at 20s / 
Total cost per day £l 12 2 
L;nid ploughed per day, 3A. 3p. =:3'06 acres. 
Cost per acre, lUs. 5d. 
