and Water ttsedfor General Purposes. 
141 
Water-suppli/ of a Hardness from 2 to G degrees. 
Hardness 
of Water. 
Blackburn 4-1 Oldham 
Bolton 3 -4 I Over Darwen 
Bury and Radii ffc .. .. 3-8 ; Paisley.. 
Churley 3-8 ' Plymouth 
Charlton 2-5 Preston.. 
Dundee 4 "3 i Kochdale 
Manche.ster and Salford .. 2 "5 | Stoclqiort 
Maryport 2*3 | 
Water-swpphj of a Hardness less than 2 degrees. 
H.irdness 
of Water, 
o 
Alierdeen 1 ' 4 
Cockermouth 1 ' 5 
Glasgow '6 
Greenock 3 '3 
Hardness 
of Water. 
Lancaster 
Perth .. . 
Sheffield 
AVhitehaven . 
Hardness 
of Water. 
2- 
2- 
1- 
The waters supplied by the Metropolitan Water Companies 
contain from 19 to 24 grains of solid constituents in the gallon, 
and vary in hardness from 14 to 15 degrees. As an example of 
a moderately-hard water, the water supplied by the New River 
Company, London, may be quoted. An imperial gallon of this, 
water contains : — 
Grains. 
Earthy carbonates 12 -58 
Sulphate of lime 2 '41 
Chloride of sodium 1 • 28 
Nitrate of magnesia 2 • 08 
Silica and oxide of iron and alumina '38 
Oxidisable organic matter '32 
Total solid constituents per gallon 
Degrees of hardness before boiling 
after boiling 
19-0.5 
14.40 
4-2" 
The water further contains per gallon ; 
Actual or saline ammonia 
Ornanic or albuminoid ammonia .. 
•001 
•003 
Artesian Well-Waters. 
Wells sunk in the chalk-formation usually furnish bright,, 
sparkling, perfectly colourless, and excellent-drinking waters, 
remarkable for their absence of organic impurities. Deep chalk 
springs, or artesian well-waters, however, are generally hard,, 
and not so well adapted for washing or cooking as for drinking 
purposes. 
