142 On the Composition and Properties of Drinhing-Watcr, 
The following are the results which I recently obtained in the 
analyses of two artesian well-waters. No. 1 was obtained from an 
artesian well sunk in the chalk-formation in Hampshire ; No. 2 
is water from a deep well in Devonshire. These waters, on 
evaporation to dryness, left per gallon : — 
Solid residue 
In which we find : — 
Oxidisable organic matter 
Lime 
Oxide of iron and alumina 
Sulphuric acid 
Nitric acid 
Chlorine 
Soluble silica 
Alkalies and carbonic acid 
No. 1. 
Ko. 2. 
Grains. 
Grains. 
23-02 
25^21 
•22 
•30 
9-72 
9^72 
1-16 
■65 
•14 
•14 
•33 
•43 
•21 
•63 
•97 
2-87 
1^12 
•98 
not determined separately. 
The waters further contained per gallon : — 
Actual (saline) ammonia 
Organic (albuminoid) ammonia 
The hardness before boiling was 
,, after boiling was 
none 
•004 
171° 
4° 
•001 
•002 
1()?T° 
By uniting the acid with the basic constituents, the compo- 
sition of the two waters may be expressed as follows : — 
Composition of two Artesian Well-waters. 
An imperial gallon contained : — 
Oxidisable organic matter 
Oxide of iron and alumina 
Carbonate of lime 16 
Sulphate of lime 
Nitrate of magnesia 
Carbonate of magnesia 
Chloride of sodium 
Soluble silica 
Ko. 1. 
Grains. 
• 22 
•14 
94 
•56 
•32 
2^24 
1^48 
1^12 
Total solid constituents .. .. 23^02 
Actual (saline) ammonia none 
Organic (albuminoid) ammonia .. .. '004 
Hardness before boiling 175° 
,, after boiling 4° 
No. 2. 
I irains. 
•30 
•14 
16 •SO 
•73 
•8G 
•88 
4^73 
•98 
25^21 
•001 
•002 
16i° 
large 
It will be seen that both samples contained rather 
proportion of lime, but almost entirely combined with carbonic 
acid ; and sulphate of lime, which gives rise to permanent hard- 
ness, was nearly absent. Both waters were softened very fully, as 
might be expected, by boiling. The original hardness of No. 1 
