Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 181 
To grow rye in so northern a climate as that of Sweden, it 
should be sown in the beginning or middle of August ; and as 
it does not succeed unless the land has been allowed to get stale 
before seed-time, the preparation of the seed-bed should be 
completed by the middle to the end of July. Thus, as a rule, 
no crop is taken in the year in which the rye is sown. Com- 
mencing, therefore, with a bare fallow, which is always dunged, 
and sometimes receives a small dressing of superphosphate as 
well, the second year will see the harvesting of rye or wheat, 
on which clover and Timothy-grass had been sown in the early 
spring. The land remains in grass for two or three years or 
more, and is then cropped with oats for another two or three 
years in succession, unless the second white crop is barley in the 
place of oats. 
This is the prevailing rotation, especially with the smaller 
farmers, and in the more remote districts, where rye would be dear 
to purchase on account of the expense of transit ; but a few of 
the more calculating farmers in other districts have come to the 
conclusion that a crop which practically monopolises the land 
ior two years must cost a great deal of money by the time it is 
placed in the granary. Therefore they have sown a portion of 
their fallow-course with roots, and taken barley instead of winter- 
corn the second year. Some farmers take a root-course after the 
ley-oats, and then a crop of oats or barley before the bare fallow, 
while others, again, have long rotations, including several years 
of grass, or intercalations of green crop every second or third 
year. The following are examples : — 
\Ir. Ivar Kylbcrg. GrSs- 
twp, on Lalie Wenern. 
1. Fallow (chiefly sown 
with a green crop). 
2. Eye or Wheat. 
3.1 
4. [Grass. 
5. ) 
6. Oats or Barley. 
7. Green Crop. 
8. Wheat. 
9. Oats or Barley. 
0. Turnips. 
1. Eye or Wheat. 
2. Oats or Barley. 
Mr. Steinbeck, Gudhem, near 
Fallcoping. 
1. Bare Fallow. 
2. Rye or Wheat. 
3. Barley. 
4. Green Crop. 
5. Turnips with Dung. 
6. Barley with Clover, &c. 
7. Grass, cut. 
8. Do. do. 
do. (limed), 
do. 
Do. 
Do. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. Do. 
14. Barley 
15. Oats. 
Do. fed. 
Do. do. 
do. 
Mr. Fogelmarh, Wall, near 
Gefle. 
1. Bare Fallow or Turnips. 
2. Eye (after bare Fallow), 
or Barley (after Tur- 
nips). 
3. Grass, cut. 
4. Do. do. 
5. Do. do. dunged. 
6. Do. do. aftermath 
7. Do. do. J grazed, 
8. Oats. 
9. Oats. 
Other variations of the national system of rotations will be 
mentioned in the sequel, but the preceding illustrate some points 
of interest. Mr. Kylberg's farm is near the southernmost shore 
of Lake Wenern, and his object is to have one-fourth of his 
land in artificial grass, one-fourth in winter-corn, a third fourth 
