182 Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. | 
in summer-corn, and the remainder in green-crop, which isj 
either turnips, tares and oats, buckwheat, &c., cut green fori 
the cattle and horses. Mr. Steinbeck's farm is farther north,! 
and consists of much stronger land ; his rotation is a goodj 
illustration of the system of keeping such land in grass] 
for seven or eight years, and also of a by no means uncommon j 
plan of taking turnips after a previous green-crop, generally! 
consisting of tares and oats cut green. This rotation mayj 
be conveniently contrasted with the short course adopted by| 
Captain von Braun, at Rydaholm, near Wara, also on strong 
land in the same district ; viz. (1) fallow, mostly bare ; (2) 
wheat or rye ; (3) and (4) grass ; (5) oats. This shift has the 
disadvantage of keeping nearly one-fifth of the farm unproduc- 
tive every year ; but Captain von Braun thinks that he is 
repaid by his large crops of corn, which he puts at 4^ quarters of 
wheat and 9 quarters of oats per English acre. The third rota- 
tion given above is taken from a farm much farther north — in 
fact, many miles north of Stockholm. It also illustrates in 
every essential particular the characteristic rotation in Norway, 
as well as the following improvements upon the ordinary shifts : 
the growth of turnips on half the fallow-course, which generally 
necessitates the growth of barley instead of rye on that half the 
next year ; the grass being manured the third year ; and only two 
crops of oats taken in succession, instead of the three or four that 
are customary in Norway and the north of Sweden. 
The following rotation, pursued by Mr. Hay, of Jonkiiping, 
the Managing Director of the celebrated match-factory, on a 
small farm in the neighbourhood of that town, illustrates in its 
latter stages a somewhat exhaustive style of farming, which could 
only be followed successfully by the aid of a liberal expenditure 
on artificial manures, and the high feeding of a numerous head 
of stock. The rotation is, (1) tares ; (2) wheat ; (3), (4), (5), 
and (6), grass ; (7) wheat ; (8), (9), (10), wheat, barley, or oats, 
according to the condition of the land. It should be noted that 
Mr. Hay has been in the habit of applying his farmyard-manure 
to the fallow-crop, about 150 lbs. of superphosphate per acre to 
each corn-crop, and poudrette, purchased from the factory people, 
to his grass-land. He also has good strong land, and a climate 
which permits wheat to be sown as late as the beginning of 
September. 
The following Table, showing the acreage in Sweden under 
each kind of crop, under bare fallow, and grass under rotation, 
for the years 18G7 to 1872, indicates a very remarkable uni- 
formity of farm-practice under the system of cropping which 
I have termed the " national rotation :" — 
