18G Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 
grows tares on the whole of his fallow-course on strong land, and 
sows wheat early in September ; but he was long looked upon as 
a madman by the neighbouring peasant-farmers. The official 
returns for Sweden well illustrate the national practice ; and they 
show that, taking the average of the years 1867-72 inclusive, 
949,630 acres were annually planted with winter-corn, while 
928,337 acres were in bare fallow. 
Rye or Wheat. — Rye-sowing commences about the begin- 
ning of August in the central districts, and wheat-sowing fol- 
lows immediately afterwards. In the more southern regions, 
especially in Scane, rye is not sown until about the middle 
of September, and wheat is put in as late as the first week in 
October. Amongst the best farmers the quantity sown is about 
two bushels per acre ; but 14 to 15 pecks is not uncommon on 
peasant farms. According to the Swedish returns the quantity 
of seed used for winter corn varies from '59 of a tunna per tunn- 
land (9 pecks per acre) in Jemtland (a high northern district), 
to as much as a tunna (15 pecks per acre) in Elfsborg Ian. In 
Malmohus Ian (the most southern province) the average quan- 
tity given in the official statistics is "79 tunna per tunnland, or 
12 pecks per acre. 
The seed is generally sown broadcast on the bare fallow, 
which has been manured and prepared as already described. If 
tares or other green crops have been grown on the fallow, it is 
usual to apply to the land a dressing of 150 lbs. of superphos- 
phate per acre when preparing the seed-bed for winter-corn. 
These practices, however, are found very rarely except on large 
estates farmed by the owners, and on the farms held in connec- 
tion with the agricultural schools and colleges. On farms of that 
stamp the winter-corn would also be drilled. Wheat is not 
unfrequently harrowed in the spring, but rye is not touched. 
Harvesting is generally got through during August or the 
early part of September, and most commonly with little or no 
extraneous help. The Swedish official returns give the averag* 
crop of winter-corn for the last eight years at about 19 bushels 
per acre ; but I met very few people who would own to less than 
twice that quantity. No doubt the very best farmers, having 
good land, their own property, may reckon upon getting from 30 
to 35 bushels or more per acre in fair years ; but I was frequently 
told of such harvests where the stubble did not' bear out the 
assertion. 
Grass. — The seeds are sown on the young wheat or rye 
in April, frequently, and preferably, in some parts of Sweden, 
while the snow is still on the land. Some idea of the mixtures 
used may be gained by the following examples. (1) On a cen- 
tral farm near Skofde, between the Lakes Wenern and Wettern, 
