Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Noricay. 201 
milch-cows and two or three young cattle are kept in addition 
to the horses, for which, of course, a large quantity of food is 
annually purchased. 
Cattle. 
In the far north a small white hornless breed of cattle (the 
Finn ko) exists, more or less in a state of nature ; but I did not see 
any specimens of it. Prof. Nilsson has suggested that this breed 
t may have descended from the extinct Bos longifrons, Owen.* 
The only breeds that require description on economical 
grounds are the Thclemark breed of Norway, and the so-called 
Herrgardsrace of Sweden, while the influence of crossing with 
foreign breeds, in enhancing the production of meat and milk, 
is even more important than the inherent capabilities of the 
native races. 
Thelemark Breed. — With regard to this breed I cannot do 
better than quote the following description of it by my friend 
Mr. Tveter, the Manager of the Royal Farm at Ladegaardsoen, 
near Christiania, making only such alterations in verbiage and 
such omissions of detail as its publication in England seems to 
render desirable : — 
"The Thelemark race is one of the few constant races of cattle, perhaps 
the only one, which Norway possesses. It is a well-defined mountain race, 
which, as its name denotes, has its home in Thelemark, and is found juirest 
in the upper districts, Siljord, Hvideseid, &c. 
" The animal is small. Full-grown cows rarely attain a greater weight 
than 660 to 770 lbs. ; but it must be remarked that they increase consider- 
iibly in size when put on better food than usual, particularly if this takes 
place at an early age. Thus on the Royal farm at Ladegaardsoen there are 
cows which, after having remained some years on good food, have attained a 
weight of 1000 lbs. and upwards. It is the usual scanty winter-feeding in 
Thelemark, in addition to early calving, which, throws them back in their 
growth. In the summer — from Midsummer till the middle of September — 
the cows are kept in the mountain-pastures, where they usually have excel- 
lent grazing, but also frequently suffer much from cold and bad weather, as 
sheds are seldom erected for their protection. The great abundance of good 
summer-grazing often induces the keeping of more cows than can be properly 
fed during the loug winter, for which reason the produce in milk is during 
that time extremely small ; and in the spring the animals are usually lean, and 
in bad condition. 
" The most remarkable points in the Thelemark breed are the slender form, 
small head, with long well-shaped horns (nearly always furnished with 
buttons), the sprightly movement, and the bright colouring. This last varies 
very much, from quite white till tolerably dark ; but usually the variations 
Are those of red, spotted and brindled. Most of the animals are red-sided, 
-spotted, or dappled, but the somewhat rarer brindled colour is considered 
handsomer.f Besides the colour, the horns are very characteristic ; hornless 
* ' Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist.,' 2nd Series, vol. iv. 1849, p. 423. 
t The colour is generally confined to the sides and head, the back and belly 
'UBuaJly remaining white. — H. M. J. 
