208 Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 
climate of the different parts of the country. Some farmers, es- 
pecially those who sell their milk in a neighbouring town, keep 
their cows in the house all the year round ; while others keep in 
only their best milkers. Feeding in the house involves a large 
amount of labour on the part of the cattle-men, and almost a& 
much adjustment of the menu as for a civic dinner. Cows are fed 
either two or three times a day, and milked during the progress^ 
of each meal, which lasts from 2 or 3 hours, in the latter case,, 
to as much as 5 hours in the former. The following extreme 
examples are illustrative, the numbers denoting the " courses :" — 
A, (1) water, as much as the cows can drink, given in buckets ; 
(2) 5 lbs. hay ; (3) 2 lbs. bran mixed with chaff ; (4) long straw. 
This allowance is given three times daily, and J lb. of linseed- 
cake is added to both the morning and evening meals. B, (1) 
5 lbs. hay ; (2) 5 lbs. beetroot-pulp, given at twice, after having 
been mixed with 2^ lbs. pea-straw ; (3) cribs cleaned out and 
water given ; (4) 4 lbs. cavings and 2 lbs. oil-cake ; (5) 5 lbs. hay. 
Another meal of similar composition, but substituting an ad- 
ditional 5 lbs. of hay for the 2 lbs. oil-cake, is given in the 
evening. C, 20 lbs. of beetroot-pulp, 4 lbs. rape-cake, and 
2 lbs. crushed oats, mixed together with cut straw, and divided 
into four equal portions. The cows are fed with this mixture 
four times daily, and, in addition, get long straw after the last 
milking. 
Another example, taken from as far north as Gefle, shows that 
the cows there also get 15 lbs. of hay in the course of the day, as 
well as 15 lbs. of grains, 2 lbs. of oats, fermented by the addition 
of water to a mixture of those ingredients, and cut straw and 
cavings. The cows are fed three times a day, and each meal 
lasts from 2 to 3 hours. 
Again, going to nearly the extreme south of Sweden, I find in 
my note-book that on an average good farm of 600 acres, the 
allowance of hay to each cow was 3000 lbs. for the winter 
months. It is important to draw attention to this matter, as it 
must have a considerable influence on the cost of protluction of 
milk, and the cost of rearing calves. 
Englisli Breeds and Swedish Crosses. — Specimens of various^ 
foreign breeds have been imported into Sweden from time to time, 
both by the Government and by private individuals, for the purpose 
of crossing with the Herrgardsrace, as well as for the foundation 
of various herds. In the years 1848-50, Ayrshire and Pembroke- 
shire cattle were imported from Great Britain, as well as Allgauer 
and Volkliinder beasts from Bohemia. The Ayrshires were 
distributed througliout the country, and placed at Government 
stations, so as to facilitate tlieir use for crossing with the country 
cattle in different parts of the kingdom. The experiment did not 
