210 Report on the A r/ri culture of Sicedei] and jS'oricai/. 
prevails throughout Sweden is founded more on prejudice thans 
on practice. A few facts in illustration of the effect of breed in 
the production of meat and milk may be worth consideration by 
the dairy-farmers of both England and Sweden.* 
Lieut. Hansen, of Gammalstorp, near Grustorp, finds that the 
old peasants' cows cannot be fattened, and must be sold for next 
to nothing ; while the Ayrshire cross will scale 1000 lbs. live 
weight, and fetch about 15/., the mai'ket price having recently 
risen from iM. to 3^d. per lb. 
Mr. Fogelmark, of Wall, near Gefle, has hitherto kept a cross 
of Swedish and Ayrshire, and has found their production of milk 
to average from 400 to 430 gallons per annum. The average 
yield of Swedish cows bought from peasants, even though well 
fed, does not exceed from 290 to 350 gallons per annum, while 
similar cows, with peasants' food, do not produce more than from 
180 to 230 gallons of milk per annum. 
Mr. Tranchell, at Silbyholm, near Landskrona, keeps East 
Friesland cows, and a cross of Shorthorn on the Holstein Marsh 
cattle. He finds that the former give an average of about 575 
gallons of milk per annum, and the latter an average of only 
400 gallons ; but on the other hand, the greater adaptability of 
the cross to fatten makes the total result about the same. Both 
varieties yield most milk when the cows are about 8 years old i 
but they do not keep the cross-bred cattle so long as the East 
Frieslanders before fattening them. 
Count von Platen, at KuUa Gunnarstorp, keeps a cross of 
Ayrshire and East Friesland. The cows give an average of 460 
gallons of milk per annum, and are sold lean when no longer 
profitable in the dairy. 
Professor Nathorst's results with pedigree Shorthorns and 
Yorkshire cows, at the Agricultural College at Alnarp, are given 
on page 212. 
Mr. Swartz, of Ilofgarden, who began with Swedish cows in 
1850, at first decided to sell off all that did not yield an average 
of 200 gallons per annum ; he now keeps a cross of Shorthorn 
on the Swedish Herrgardsrace, and has an average milk-return of 
460 gallons per head, selling off' all cows that do not yield over 
400 gallons per annum. This cross nicks remarkably well, 
the produce being larger, age for age, than either of the parent 
breeds. The calves are generally sold at 4 months old, on the 
following system : — a sum of ll.s-. '.]d. (^10 rd. Swedish) is charged 
for the calf when born, and (20 ore Swedish) per lb. live 
* On tliis jioiut Liidy Pigot has given soiiu' intoiesting examples in a-n ' Ks- 
tiac't fiom a Cliapter aildrcsstd " To the Suiall Farmer,"' from a work about toap- 
l)ear, but in the mean liinc pultlishvd as an appendix tu the 'Private Catulugue' 
of licr yhorthoru herd for lHH. 
