Report on the Agriculture of Sicedcn and Noncaij. 211 
wpi^ht at the time of sale. At four months old the heifer-calves 
weigh from 300 to 34:0 Sw. lbs., and the bull-calves from 340 to 
400 Sw. lbs. ; the prices will therefore vary between 3/. 175. 6r/. 
and 5/. ^ 
Mr. Axel Dickson, of Kjleberg, near Wadstena (whose farm 
will presently be described in detail) breeds nothing but Short- 
horns, though he purchases young cattle for feeding purposes, 
chiefly of the Shorthorn-Swedish cross. He finds that the 
average production of milk by his Shorthorn herd is nearly 52<J 
gallons per head per annum. 
The preceding details, selected as among the most precise and 
illustrative cases of which I took notes, show that the native 
Swedish cows kept by the peasants on poor food produce only 
about 200 gallons of milk per head per annum, and that the old 
cows are worth verv little as beef; that by better treatment the 
same kind of cow may be brought to produce at least 50 per 
cent, more milk, while a cross of Ayrshire will not only double 
the first-mentioned milk-production, but give a butchers' value 
to the old cows. The result of crossing the native breed with 
Shorthorns is still more favourable, both for meat and milk; and 
]Mr. Tranchell's experience leads him to value the adaptability 
to fatten,* which an infusion of Shorthorn blood confers, at not 
less than 100 gallons of milk per annum. 
Management of Shortliorns in Sweden. — The details of the 
management of a Shorthorn herd in the climate of Sweden will 
doubtless be read with interest by Shorthorn breeders in the 
United Kingdom ; and although the selected locality, Alnarp, 
is in the favoured province of Scane, the method pursued there 
shows that the Shorthorn is by no means too delicate an animal 
to be reared in provinces much further north. 
At the time of my visit last autumn, the Shorthorn herd 
consisted of about 40 females, most of them bred from animals 
which had been purchased in England, and evidentlv selected 
for their dairy qualities. Six cows and heifers by the Gwynne 
bull " Alacdonald," had been obtained from the herds of Mr. 
Thomas INIorris, of Maisemore Court, Gloucester, and four 
cows and heifers from that of Mr. Hewer, of Sevenhampton, 
\\ ilts. The former, bred from the old Strickland herd, has 
ot late years been kept up with Bates blood ; while the latter 
has been bred chiefly from Booth strains. Both are, however, 
very celebrated in the south of England as excellent dairy herds 
* '\Miat was meant to be understood was no doubt the general power of 
assimilating and utilisiug food, which is made most manifest in Shnrthoriis and 
their crosses by their adaptability to fatten in a short time and on comparatively 
small quantities of foo(.l. 
