212 Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Nortcay. 
of pure Shorthorns, and Mr. Morris's cattle especially have done 
remarkably well in Sweden.* Two heifers had also been bred 
by Mr. Stiles Rich, whose herd in Gloucestershire was well 
known for its Bates blood and dairy qualities. There were 
also two cows of Mr. Pawlett's breeding, and two of Mr. Hugh 
Aylmer's, both these herds being of Booth blood. The sires 
selected for use were the Bates " Third Baron Westbury," of 
the Wild Eyes tribe, bred by Mr. Thomas Bell ; " Macdonald 
Second," from Mr. Morris's herd ; and " Prince of Athens," 
from Mr. Barber, combining the Towneley and Booth strains. 
The herd at Alnarp also includes eighteen Yorkshire dairy 
cows, some from Mr. Hutchison's herd at Catterick, and about 
sixty Swedish and other cows, for dairy purposes. 
Commencing with bull-calves, these get milk until they are 
six months old, namely, whole-milk for the first two months,^ 
commencing with If gallon per day and gradually increasing 
to double the quantity ; after the age of two months the whole- 
milk is gradually mixed more and more with skim-milk ; and 
when they are from three to four months old they get only skim- 
milk, and as much linseed-cake and crushed oats as they care to 
eat, both given dry. The heifer-calves are not allowed milk-diet 
for more than four months, half the time being kept entirely 
on whole-milk, and eventually on skim-milk, supplemented by 
crushed oats and linseed-cake. After they are six months old the 
diet of all the calves consists of hay, 2 lbs. of linseed-cake, and 
from 2 to 4 lbs. of oats. It has not yet been found necessary to 
seton them, as no indications of quarter-evil have been noticed. 
Calves are kept entirely in the house when quite young, but 
after nine months old they are kept out of doors day and night, 
except in the winter months. 
The cows, in winter, are fed with a mixture consisting of half 
a bushel of pulped mangolds per head, and as much cut oat and 
barley-straw as they can eat, together with 1 lb. of rape-cake. 
The mixture is left to ferment for forty-eight hours, and is given 
in two meals, one in tlic morning and the other in i\\e evening. 
In addition to this mixture their daily food consists of 2 lbs. of 
linseed-cake, 4 lbs. of oat or barley-meal, and 10 lbs. of hay, 
likewise given in two meals in the cribs, with a little water, 
before the fermented mixture. A little meal is generally reserved 
to dust over any remnant of the mixture, and thus induce the 
cows to finish it. It is considered that the small quantity of 
* In her published ' Extract,' &e., already quoted, Lady Pip;ot uicntions this 
ficntlomiiu's herd us consisting of lOli pedigreed cowa — "animals that would 
Bupply the dairy and the butcher aftcrwardsi," — besides about fifty common-bred 
cows. 
