Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 221 
I ewes and 100 Southdowns are kept, the latter breed being pre- 
ferred, although they do not clip so much wool, partly because 
short wool meets with a readier sale, and partly because the Soutli- 
'down lambs aie more easily reared. The ewes are tupped on 
• seeds, about the middle or end of September, and go into winter- 
\ quarters about the end of October to the middle of November, 
according to the season, when they get pea and bean-shucks, and 
long straw with cut turnips. When the lambs drop in March, 
the ewes are still in the house, and they then receive \ lb. linseed- 
cake each, with some hay, in addition to their previous food. 
As soon as the lambs will eat, they are given peas that have been 
soaked in water, with a little linseed-cake and fine hay ; but 
they get no additional food at weaning-time, which is generally 
about the beginning of June. 
When the lambs are weaned the ewes are shorn ; the South- 
-downs are clipped once a-year, and the ewes give an average of 
4 lbs. each ; but the Cotswold ewes give from 7 to 8 lbs. each 
in two clips, viz., in June and October. In the summer the 
sheep-stock is kept on seeds without artificial food. 
At one time, Mr. Tranchell, the proprietor of Sabyholm, had 
■X flock of 800 sheep, but finding that they did not pay, he 
reduced the number to 300, one-half being breeding-ewes. I 
endeavoured to learn how it had been ascertained that the sheep 
did not pay, and found that they had been debited with all 
actual expenses and credited with all actual receipts, except that 
they had received credit for the value of only 3 months' manure ; 
the remainder, probably that dropped about the fields, not being 
capable of collection and valuation, had been passed over as worth- 
less. Then what is the value of the " golden hoof" in Sweden ? 
Very rarely can a true Swedish sheep be now seen in the 
southern provinces of the country, as they have all been crossed 
for several years with English Southdowns, Cotswolds, or 
Leicesters, and more rarely with French Merinos. The value of 
good rams may be measured by the fact that Professor Nathorst, 
at Alnarp, gets about 5Z. 10s. per head for his Southdown and 
Leicester tups when 18 months old. He sells his draft-ewes at 
Z\d. per lb., live weight. 
Pigs. 
Almost every farmer in Sweden and Norway keeps pigs 
to consume the refuse products of the dairy. A few, how- 
ever, say that they have been compelled to abandon them on 
account of their liability to measles and scarlet-fever. Many 
Swedish farmers, according to Mr. Juhlin Dannfelt,* are now 
* ' Jown. Eoy. Agric. Soc.,' 2ad Scries, vol. viii. part 2, 1872, pp. 273 and 274. 
