222 Bcport on tlie Agriculture of Sweden and Noricay. 
feeding calves with skim-milk, instead of making skim-cheese 
and feeding the pigs on the whey. I have already stated (p. 210^ 
that this practice is adopted by Mr. Svvartz, of Hofgiirden ; 
and doubtless, as markets for good horned-stock become more 
accessible, it will be considerably extended. 
The pigs generally seen on Swedish farms are crosses of the 
large Yorkshire or Cumberland breed on the original Swedish; but 
sometimes Berkshire crosses are seen, and occasionally, as an 
article do luxe, a specimen of one or other of our smaller breeds. 
Dairy-farmers who make whole-milk cheese, and devote a 
considerable quantity of corn as well as all the whey to the 
manufacture of pork, may turn out half as many fat pigs in the 
year as they have dairy-cows. Comparatively few farmers, 
however, reach this proportion, as they either sell part of their 
milk, make butter and skim-cheese, rear a certain number of 
calves, or, most generally, have not sufficient corn to fatten 
pigs as well as keep their horses and cattle throughout the 
winter. The usual allowance of corn for feeding pigs is from 
2 to 3 lbs. each per diem, in addition to whey, wash, potatoes^ 
«Jcc., for about a couple of months before they are sold. When 
sold, they generally weigh from 200 to 240 lbs., live weight, and 
from Z^d. to 4c?. per lb. 
Dairying. 
Two admirable articles on Swedish Dairying, by our honorary 
member, Mr. Juhlin Dannfelt, have already been published in 
this Journal ;* and to them I would refer every one interested in 
the subject, if they wish thoroughly to understand the manner 
in which this branch of agricultural industry is carried out in 
a northern climate. It is unnecessary for me to go over the 
ground that has tlius been so thoroughly explored by Mr. Dann- 
felt, viz., the small-farm dairying, and the manufacture of cheese 
and butter at factories under different systems of co-operation. 
I shall therefore restrict myself to a rapid glance at the dairying 
of large farms, under the three aspects of, (1) sale of milk to 
towns, (2) butter-making, and (3) cheese-making. 
Sale of Milk to Toinis. — The price obtained for milk sent 
to large towns varies from 25 ore per kanna = 5^r/. per gallon, 
in the summer months, in the south of Sweden, to 40 ore per 
kanna = 9^rf., at Gefle, in the north. In the winter the price in 
the south rises to 29 or 30 ore per kanna, equal to about Id. pei 
gallon. It is not usual for the farmer to deliver the milk. The 
milkman purchases it for a stipulated price on the spot, and the 
* ' Jouin. Uov. Agrie. Soc.,' 2nd Series, vol. vi. pait 2, 1870, p. 32.^, aiul vol. vii. 
part 2, 1872, p. 2G7. 
