230 Report on the Ar/riculture of Sweden and Noricay. 
now he reserves a patch for seed every year, and in this way he has not 
Only acclimatized the seed, but also, with careful winnowing, much im- 
]>roved its quality. The same method is pursued in the selection of grain 
for seed. 
Tares. — The seeds are broken uj) in the autumn by steam or cattle ; the 
land is harrowed in spring and sown in the middle of April with rather more 
than 4 bushels of seed, two-thirds being tares and one-third oats per acre, 
150 lbs. of Mejillones or Baker's guano, with 19 per cent, soluble phosphate 
guaranteed, having been first applied. The tares are cut green as wanted, 
beginning not later than the middle of July, about the time that they com- 
m"tnce podding. 
Wheat. — The tare-stubble is broken up by the steam-plough or cultivator at 
the end of July, sometimes the beginning of August, and the land is then 
harrowed, siadded, and drilled with 10 to 11 pecks of wheat per acre at the 
end of August, or as soon as possible, early sowing being preferred. The 
harvest is generally in August ; the crop is cut by a reaping-machine, if \>Q%- 
sible, and all harvest operations are performed by the regular staff of farm 
labourers. The crop is generally the same as rye, or a little more; and the 
manure used for it is also 150 lbs. per acre of Mejillones, or Baker's guano, put 
in with the drill immediately after the seed. 
Blandseed (mixture of Outs and Barley). — The climate of Kyleberg is too 
dry for the growth of oats as a separate crop, therefore they are grown inter- 
mixed with barley, and a certain quantity separated afterwards, if required. 
Blandseed follows wheat, the stubble being broken uj) in the same way as for 
tliat crop. From 14 to IG or 17 pecks of seed is sown either by hand or with 
a broadcast machine about the middle or end of April, and followed as usual 
by 150 lbs. of Mejillones, or Baker's guano. Mr. Dickson is doubtful of the 
advantage of drilling spring-corn, as he thinks that the ground is not so well 
covered in that way as when sown broadcast — an important consideration in 
his dry climate. The cultivation of barley does not differ essentially from 
that of blandseed, and it may be mentioned tiiat this year one piece yielded 
over 6 quarters per imperial acre. 
Potatoes. — This crop follows blandseed in the 4 or 6 course shifts, about 
18 acres being grown in one or the other. If possible, the manure is carted in 
the autumn on the stubble, which is then ploughed, sometimes by steam to 
the depth of 8 or 10 inches, but otherwise \>y horses or oxen, 8 inches deep. 
If the stubble is not manured in the autumn, the steam-cultivator is used 
instead of the plough ; and the manure is jrat on the land in spring, and got in 
with the plough or cultivator. Generally it requires only harrowing again ; ' 
but sometimes the use of either the cultivator or'the &rd is necessary to get a 
good tilth. Just before planting, the usual dressing of 150 lbs. of Mejillones, 
or Baker's guano, is sown. The potatoes are planted in the middle of May, the 
setts being pilaced in the furrows made by a plough which precedes^ the planter, 
and covered by one which follows him. A short time after planting, the land 
is levelled with the "sladd"and then left until the jiotatoes appear, when it 
is harrowed. During early growth a double-row horse-hoe is used, as required, 
to keep the land clean, hand-hoeing being also resorted to. When the plants 
are ready they are earthed up once or twice with a double-mouldboard plough, 
and kept clean, as necessary. Harvesting is done with Howard's potato-plough. 
The ordinary crop is from 220 to 2G0 bushels per acre, though as much as 
375 bushels has been obtained in an exceptional season. 
Turnips. — The cultivation of the land is the same as for potatoes. About 
5 lbs. of seed is drilled jier acre, commencing with Swedish turnips, if pos- 
sible, in the middle of April, and continuing them until the middle or end of 
May. White and yellow turnips are sown until tlic beginning or even the 
middle of June. This year about 35 acres were sown, all Swedes. White and 
