Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 231 
yellow turnips are only sown when Swedes cannot be got in early enough, or 
when re-sowing is necessary. 
Carrots. — The land is prepared as for turnips ; but, if possible, the manure 
should be got in during the autumn. About 4 or 5 lbs. of white Belgian carrot, 
per acre, is dropped in by women, who use small hoes, the handles of which 
exactly measure the distance between the plants. The after-cultivation is the 
same as for other roots. Carrots are best after potatoes or Swedes, as they 
do better without stable-dung. They are harvested by puUing, and using 
digging-forks, when necessary, by the ordinary staff of farm dabourers. 
Lucerne. — About an acre and a half has been sown as an experiment, in- 
stead of clover-seed, 20 lbs. of seed per acre being used. 1874 was the second 
year, and, notwithstanding the dry season, a small mowing was obtained. The 
first year the yield was very little. This plant grows almost wild in some parts 
of Sweden, having probably been imported with other I'arm-seeds. This fact 
encourages the idea that it may be successfully cultivated. 
Cattle. — About 40 Shorthorn cows are kept, and all the calves 
are reared. Last September, the young stock consisted of 10 
in-calf heifers, 15 yearlings, 15 two-year-olds, 20 calves, and 5 
young bulls. Calves drop all the year round, but generally come 
from the middle of January to the middle of May. They are 
sold at all ages, from 1 week to 6 or 8 months old, and customers 
come from all parts of Sweden. The price of a bull-calf a 
week old is 4 guineas ; at a month old, one would fetch 11. ; 
and at 6 months, 18/. 
The cows are kept on grass day and night, from about the 
10th of June until the beginning of October, and if the pastures 
are not very gopd, they get some tares on it ; but this year the 
mild autumn enabled them to be kept on the pastures by day 
until the niddle of November. This was a great help, as the 
shortness of the hay and root crops rendered the keep of so 
many cattle of all kinds (over 200 head, including cows, young 
stock, feeding cattle of all ages, and working oxen) as are to be 
found on Eyleberg, during a long winter, a matter of con- 
siderable aniiety, In view of these circumstances, the following 
dietary has been arranged for the winter of 1874-75 : — Cows 
will have 4 lbs. good hay, 5 lbs. blandseed meal, and 27 lbs. 
roots (carrots, swedes, and steamed potatoes) per diem ; also straw 
as much as tley will eat, partly cut for mixing, and partly uncut 
and mixed w th the hay. 
The roots, meal, chopped straw, and chaff, are all mixed and 
pressed down in boxes, holding enough for one day, and the 
mixture is albwed to become slightly heated. The chaff and 
chopped straw are first put down in a layer of about 4 inches, 
then sprinkled over with water. A portion of the pulped roots, 
or steamed ani crushed potatoes, is then spread over the straw, 
&c., and then more straw sprinkled over. All are then mixed 
and pressed djwn, and the same process is repeated until the 
box or bin is £6 full as is required for the number of cows. 
