232 Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 
The cows are fed at 5 A.M. with mixture as above ; at 7 A.M. 
they have water and a little straw afterwards ; and at 11.30 A.M. 
the same as at 5. At 1 P.M. they are watered, and then get a 
little hay or straw ; at 4.30 P.M. mixture as at 5 A.M., and finally 
at 8 P.M., blandseed straw. Just after calving, the cows get a 
little more meal (2 or 3 lbs.), given generally in water, antl 
sometimes sprinkled over other food, also a little more hay 
under ordinary circumstances. Their average production of 
milk exceeds 500 gallons per annum. 
The same principle of feeding is carried out for the working- 
oxen and the feeding-stock, only that the former get a little less 
meal and hay, and the latter 10 or 12 lbs. of meal and cake, 
and more roots. The root-crop of 1874 having been very light, 
the feeding-beasts have this winter received no whole swedes ; 
nevertheless they have done very well, but probably not improved 
so rapidly as usual. 
From 30 to 35 feeding-beasts, crossed Shorthorn and the 
Swedish Herrgardsrace, are bought at about 6 months old, and 
sold fat at about 3 years old. They come in as calves in October, 
and are treated the same as those of Mr. Dickson's own breeding. 
When roots are plentiful, they are fed on turnips and sfraw ; but 
if not, as this year, they get mixture like that made for the cows, 
and about ^ lb. of oilcake per head. In summer, tie feeding 
stock go on as good grass as possible, and if it if not good 
enough, they get ^ lb. of oilcake each. In October tley go into 
the houses, as a rule, and are fed as before, but ^dth larger 
quantities. In the spring they again go on the grass, and the 
third winter they are given as many turnips as th?y can eat, 
though if the turnips run short, they get oilcake aid oatmeal, 
some requiring more of this assistance than others. They are 
finished off in April with an increase of meal and some oilcake. 
When sold, the beasts weigh from 1500 to over 1800 English 
lbs. live weight, and fetch from 27 rd. to 30 rd. per centner, 
equal to about ^d. to ^\d. per English lb. About 30 fat beasts 
are sold yearly in Gothenburg, and most of them gc tOvEngland. 
Like most English feeders, Mr. Dickson finds that tie cattle leave 
little or no profit except in the manure ; but he is quite satisfied 
with the results which he thereby obtains in his crqis. It may be 
mentioned, as an indication of the quality of the swedes, that cattle ' 
can be fattened entirely on them and straw, though it is not done. 
Sheep and Pigs. — Very little need be said uiiler this head, 
for although 30 Cheviot ewes and 5 breeding-sows are kept, and 
their produce reared, it is only because the requrcments of the 
estate render the home production of mutton, perk, and bacon, 
a matter of convenience, and there is nothing in tie management 
of the animals that calls for detailed description. 
