234 Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 
receives 16Z. 13s. 6t?. in money, 18 bushels of rye, 13^ bushels 
of barley, rather more than 2 bushels of peas, 9 bushels of 
mixed barley and oats, 3^ bushels of malt, 22i bushels of pota- 
toes, 2 bushels of kohl rabi, 30 head of cabbage, \ cwt. pork, 
93 lbs. of beef, 93 lbs. of herrings, 7 gallons of salt, about 3 lbs. 
of lard, and the same quantity of hops, and 4 fathoms of wood 
per annum, as well as 1 kanna (nearly three-fifths of a gallon) 
of milk per day. 
In addition to their wages and allowances, each labourer has 
part of a house and a piece of garden rent-free. The details of 
the construction of the houses for the ordinary farm-labourers, 
which are built to hold four families each, and those of the 
ample store-cellars and out-houses, will be understood by refer- 
ence to the annexed plans, sections, and elevations (pp. 235-237), 
which Mr. Dickson was so kind as to trace for me from the 
original drawings. 
These cottages are built of wood, cela va sans dire ; but they 
cost 340/. per block, including the out-houses ; and Mr. Dick- 
son told me that if he had clay fit for making bricks on his 
estate he would build no more wooden cottages. He thinks 
that they are not much, if any, cheaper in first cost than brick 
cottages, and are continually requiring repairs. If this is the 
case in Sweden, it would obviously be useless to import such 
cottages into England.* Like most of the wooden houses in Swe- 
den, the Kyleberg cottages are stained with a kind of red ochre, 
which is made from a refuse material — an impure red oxide of 
iron — obtained from the sulphur works. This material is mixed 
with meal, oil, turpentine, and a solution of sulphate of iron ; 
and its application tends to preserve the wood from decay. The 
cottages are roofed with the thin spruce-splints termed ' shingle." 
Before use, these ' chips,' in appearance, are soaked in a solution 
of sulphate of iron ; and their durability as a roofing material 
was attested by the present excellent condition of the roof of 
Mr. Dickson's granary, which was built twenty-two years ago : 
since then the roof has not been once renewed, aitd it is per- 
fectly sound now. 
Fences. — The ordinary Swedish fence, hideous to the eye, and 
with many practical drawbacks, is at Kyleberg being replaced 
by quick fences, which are planted on the flat, the plants being 
6 inches apart in a single row. The year after planting they 
are cut a little to strengthen tlie bottom, and afterwards arc 
trimmed as required. 
* Vide ' Journal of tlio Buth and West of England Society,' 3rd Scries, vol. v. 
p. 190. 
