Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 23D 
comparatively little need of artificials, althougli now and then 
the use of superphosphate and sulphate of ammonia may be 
deemed necessary. JNIr. Odelberg also lets a cow-house, with- 
out land, to a man who keeps from 40 to 50 cows, and supplies 
him with as much straw as he requires at half the Government 
tax-price, on condition that the manure becomes the property of 
Mr. Odelberg without payment. The cow-keeper is at liberty 
to feed his cows as he pleases. 
Recently, about 120 acres have been added to the home-farm, 
and since then the stock of cows has reached its maximum. It 
should be remembered that the farm has varied in size from 
time to time, otherwise the great variations in the quantity of 
milk produced, as stated in the accounts of different periods, to 
be quoted presently, will not be properly understood. 
The details of the cultivation of the land need not be given 
here ; but those relating to the treatment of the milch-cows will 
be read with interest. 
From 100 to 120 cows have latterly been kept during the 
winter months, and from 80 to 90 during the summer. They 
are bought in Stockholm within a week of two of calving, and 
are generally of the native Swedish race, crossed more or less 
with Dutch, or one of the English breeds. Every year about 
60 or 70 cows are bought, and about the same number sold, for 
as soon as a cow gives less than 2 kannor (about 1^ gallon) of 
milk per day, it is sold off. The cows are bought as good as 
they can be obtained, and the prices given vary from 8 guineas 
to nearly 14. They are sold in good condition, and in 1873 
fetched from 4 to 4^ rd. per liss pund ( = about ?>d. per English 
lb.) live weight ; but in 1874 they did not fetch more than 
3^ to 3J rd. per liss pund (or not more than 2\d. to 2JcZ. per 
English lb.) live weight. 
Between 20 and 30 cows — the pick of the various purchases 
— are kept for several years, being allowed to run dry previous 
to calving, and otherwise treated as on breeding-farms. The 
average production of milk per cow, taking into consideration 
only the number on the farm at any one time, is 1000 kannor 
(576 gallons) of milk per cow per annum, which is equal to over 
18/. per cow, at 7|f/. per gallon, the price the milk has recently 
fetched on the farm. This does not mean, however, that the 
cows, taken one with another, give this quantity, because as soon 
as a cow gives less than 2 kannor per day it is sold, and re- 
placed by one that will calve in a week or two, and then give 
from 5 to 8 kannor (2^ to 4f gallons) per day, though occa- 
sionally not more than 4 kannor {^-fj^ gallons). In this way a 
high average production is kept up ; and with this system, the 
close vicinity of Stockholm, and the advantages of an adjoining 
