240 Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 
distillery, Enskede ought to furnisli an example of a highly pro- 
fitable dairy-farm, if such an establishment exists in Sweden. 
The distillery begins work about October 1st, and from this 
date the number of cows is increased to the maximum as soon 
as possible. As a system, they are kept in the houses all the year 
round ; but if necessary, on account of scarcity of fodder that can 
be cut, they are turned out to graze the aftermath about the begin- 
ning of September. The food given in the houses consists of 
three meals per diem, namely, at 4 A.M., at 3 P.M., and at 7 to 
8 P.M. From the commencement of distillery work the food 
consists of a mixture of thick draff and straw, which is left 
during the night to ferment. In the morning, at 4 o'clock, the 
draff is first given ; and when the cows have drunk as much of it 
as they care for, they have as much of the fermented straw and 
draff as they like to take, then a little oatmeal, being a propor- 
tionate part of from \\ to 2J cwt. allowed for all the cows 
during the day. By 10 to 11 o'clock the byres are cleaned, and 
the cows allowed to remain quiet until 3 o'clock. From 3 to 
6 they are again fed as in the morning. The distillery work 
ends on May 1st ; but there is a reserve of draff which usually 
lasts another fortnight, after which the summer-feeding of the 
cows commences. For the first month — from May 15th to June 
15th — their food consists of hay, oats, and straw, mixed together 
and fermented, just as the straw and draff had been in the 
winter. From June 15th to the end of the summer the cows 
are fed on cut grass from the water-meadows, and green vetches ; 
and during the last two or three weeks in September they are 
put on the aftermath by day, getting in the evening cut grass and 
green clover in the houses. All the cows are milked between 
4 and 6 A.M., the best 20 to 30 a second time between 11 and 
12, and the whole again between 4 and 5.30 P.M. The milk 
is sent to Stockholm at six o'clock in the morning and half-past 
five in the evening. It is sold on the farm at (in 1874) nearly 
7ff/. per gallon to a man who is at the expense and trouble 
of distribution, but who has the use of two horses »and a cart 
without payment, as well as three rooms and firing at the farm. 
Tliere are 16 horses and 20 working-oxen employed in the 
cultivation of this farm (excluding the two horses used for the 
carriage of milk, but including the four employed in carting 
town-dung). Taking the whole of the arable land to measure 
500 acres, this number shows rather more than 7 draught-animals 
to each 100 acres under cultivation, although more than 100 
acres are annually in artificial grass ; and the greatest possible 
care has been taken to arrange the farm-machinery, so that 
it may be connected when required with the steam-engine be- 
longing to the distillery. 
