Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 247 
acres would have to furnish 150 clays' work in the year, or, say 
three days per week, and also to supply horse-labour, if required, 
at a fixed rate of payment. In Scane, where the agricultural 
system approaches most closely to that of Denmark, some of the 
labourers have a house and not more than 3 or 4 acres of land, 
the cultivation of which is performed by the farmer's men and 
horses, the labourer in return giving 150 days' labour without 
payment, and as much additional labour as is required at 10c?. 
per diem. The extent to which the " torp " system prevails in 
Sweden is indicated by the fact that 185, G93 of the 295,983 
agricultural holdings belonged to this class in 1872 ; and 
official figures show that there is no decided tendency to sub- 
stitute other kinds of payment for it. A few landowners, how- 
ever, now give their old labourers leases of their small farms, 
and prefer to pay their successors in money. 
The mixed payment of part money and part materials, is best 
illustrated by a few examples, in addition to Mr. Dickson's 
already given, the quantities being per annum. 
Mr. Swartz * 
Mr. Tranchell, 
Count Platen, 
KuUa 
Gunnarstorp. 
Mr. InsTiIander, 
Wadstena. 
Landskrona. 
Grastorp. 
£ s. d. 
£ s. d. 
£ s. d. 
£ s. d. 
3 11 li 
8 6 8 
8 6 8 
22 5 0 
18 bush. 
18 bush. 
18 bush. 
Ig ,, (malt) 
4J 
9 
18 
18 
Potatoes 
9 
ISJ 
Swedes 
Milk 
I60"gal'ls. 
210 galls. 
160 galls. 
Salt herrings 
1 cwt. 
Salt 
4 galls. 
Firewood 
4 cubic fms. 
as required. 
as required. 
Coal 
221 bush. 
free. 
free. 
free. 
free. 
The last example given is nearly a pure money-payment : 
Mr. Insulander pays 25 men at that rate, and his remaining 
labour is partly provided by 15 or 16 students, and partly by 
peasants who furnish 5000 days' work in the year, at the average 
rate of 20 days' work per annum for every Swedish tunnland 
(I 5 imperial acre). 
In the more northern parts of Sweden the payment of a yearly 
labourer is sometimes arranged as follows : — in summer. Is. 8rf. 
per day ; in winter. Is. M. ; house and quarter of an acre of garden 
rent-free ; and enough hay for one cow through the winter, with 
* The payment in this column is for 16 working days per month ; for every 
additional day's work the labourer receives an additional Is. IJd. 
