Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 249 
only two rooms occupied by the man and his family, namely, 
the living-room and the sleeping-room. It matters not how 
many rooms may be at the disposal of the family, only two are 
used by themselves, the rest being turned into a store-room, 
barn, &c. No matter what the number of the children, their age 
or sex, all sleep in the same room as the father and mother. On 
one farm which I visited, twenty of the labourers were under 
contract to provide a lad each, not less than seventeen years old, 
and these lads also shared the family room. 
The best cottages that I saw in Sweden are those illustrated 
on pp. 235-237; the married men, without families, or with young 
children, can be accommodated on the ground-floor, having only 
one bedroom to each family ; while those with children grow- 
ing up can be accommodated upstairs, in suites of rooms, having 
two or three bedrooms to a family. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson 
have been very persevering in their efforts to make the practice 
of their people conform to the designs of the cottages. 
About a quarter of an acre of potato and garden ground is 
usually attached to each cottage, or is marked out in a field at 
no great distance ; but the custom varies very much according 
to the district, and the nature of the payment which constitutes 
the labourers' wages. 
We have already seen that the short season for farm-work 
necessitates the keeping of a large staff of horses. The following 
lists of labourers kept on two large and well-managed farms will 
tell the same story. (1) A farm of 1460 acres, of which 360 
are permanent pasture and 470 annually in artificial grass. The 
number of labourers are : 25 paid chiefly in money, "torpare" 
to the number of 5000 days, or 17 men at 300 days per an- 
num, and 15 or 16 working students, besides dairy-maids and 
cattle-men to attend to 170 cows. These numbers amount 
to 4 per 100 acres of the total occupation, or 9 per 100 acres 
under corn, green crops, and bare fallow, in addition to the peo- 
ple employed in the dairy and about the cows. (2) A farm 
of 1200 acres, of which 60 or 70 are permanent pasture and 
over 500 in artificial grass. There are 33 married men, 20 lads, 
3 unmarried men, and 5 women ; also 5 extra men during the 
season for farm-work, 16 women during harvest, and about 
40 boys, girls, and women engaged in cultivating 100 acres of 
sugar-beet. Excluding the harvest-women and sugar-beet peo- 
ple, there remain 66 persons, or 51 per 100 acres of the total 
occupation, and equal to 10 per 100 acres under cultivation in 
any year. If the 20 lads were reckoned as equal to 10 men the 
figures would be not very different from those afforded by the 
first-mentioned farm, if they were equally complete. 
