I 
Report on the Agriculture of Sweden and Norway. 251 
pupils qualifying themselves for similar positions. The land- 
owners who require the advice of any of these officials are 
required to pay only an honorarium of 5s. per diem, the cost 
of the journeys being^ borne by the State. 
In addition to the agricultural schools already mentioned, 
there are two agricultural colleges, one at Ultuna, near the 
University town of Upsala, in the north ; and the other at 
Alnarp, near the University town of Lund, in the Province of 
Scane. The following brief sketch of the Alnarp College, pre- 
sided over by Prof. Nathorst, will give an idea of the nature and 
scope of these institutions. 
In the higher school there are sixty students, who receive a 
thorough training in the practice and science of agriculture, the 
complete course extending over two vears. They pay about forty 
guineas the first year, and about thirty-two guineas the second, for 
instruction, board, lodging, &c. There are also thirty-six peasants' 
sons, who are instructed in practical farming ; they work on the 
farm as labourers, neither pay nor are paid, but get food and 
lodging free of cost. In the farriery school there are from twenty 
to twenty-five pupils, who are taught the true principles of horse- 
shoeing, as well as their practical application. There is a dairy- 
school, at present attended by about half-a-dozen pupils ; and 
from the 1st of January, 1875, there has been a school for the 
instruction of ten cattle-men in all that pertains to the manage- 
ment of stock, during a course of six months' duration. 
Alnarp is a remarkably interesting institution, thoroughly 
well done in every department. A o expense has been spared to 
obtain the best anatomical models and diagrams, the best illus- 
trative specimens of natural objects, the most convenient laboratory 
appliances, and so forth. For instance, in the farriery school, 
there are illustrations of almost every conceivable kind of horse- 
shoe at present in use in different parts of the world, as well as 
others of antiquarian interest. There are also diagrams and 
models illustrative of the anatomy of the horse's foot, in health 
and disease. And perhaps more interesting than anything, from 
a practical point of view, there are collections of horse-shoes, 
which illustrate the school-history of each individual student. 
Commencing with the first shoe which the " freshman," — an 
ordinary village blacksmith, — made on the first day of his 
school-career, according to his untutored practice at home, one 
could trace the gradual improvement in his attempts in propor- 
tion as he appreciated the instruction given him by the inde- 
fatigable Dr. Pehrsson. I quote this department in particular, 
because, so far as I know, we have nothing of the kind in 
England : but the same system of thoroughness is applied to 
every department of the college. 
