On Cheese-uiahiiiff in Home Dairies and in Factories. 261 
farming was to a great extent self-contained ; the occupier of 
land grew and consumed his own produce, for there was no 
market except in his immediate neighbourhood, on account 
of the mutual inaccessibility of the would-be buyer and seller. 
Such impediments are now being rapidly swept away. I believe, 
also, that the Swedish Parliament has at present under considera- 
tion the whole question of the taxation of landed property. If so, 
1 am probably not too sanguine in anticipating that the Swedish 
railways will shortly be supplied with those necessary feeders 
— good roads ; that Swedish farmers will be relieved from the 
irksome duties of road-making and soldier-keeping, by those 
burdens being commuted into an equitable money payment ; and 
that the farming of Sweden, especially in relation to the produc- 
tion of meat, will acquire considerable development in the course 
of the next few years. 
VI. — On Clieese-making in Home Dairies and in Factories. By 
J. Chalmees Morton. 
The history of the establishment of cheese-factories in Derby- 
shire was told by Mr. Gilbert Murray, of Elvaston, four years 
ago, in the seventh volume of this Journal.* The inferior 
quality and decreasing reputation of Derbyshire cheese, which 
is the staple agricultural product of a large portion of that 
county, the impossibility of making the best qualities of cheese 
with the commonly imperfect equipment of small Derbyshire 
dairy-farms, and the increasing difficulty and expense of the 
labour employed upon them, were the main causes of the move- 
ment. And to Lord Vernon, who had, at a meeting of the 
Royal Agricultural Society, so long ago as 1868,t moved for an 
inquiry into the working of the American factory-system of 
cheese-making ; to Mr. J. G. Crompton, of Derby, the Hon. 
E. K. Coke, Messrs. Murray, Coleman, Sheldon, and others, 
whose time, labour, and money, were freely given in contending 
with the opposition which had to be encountered, is due the credit 
* The subject liad been laid before an English audience so long ago as March, 
1868, by the late Mr. George Jackson, of Tattenliall, Chester, who then read a 
Paper on cheese-factories before the London Farmers' Club. Reference must also 
be made to the Paper on the same subject by Mr. H. M. Jenkins, on December 9, 
1870, before the Society of Arts ; and especially to the lecture on " English 
Cheese-factories — how to establish and how to manage them,'' by Mr. J. Coleman, 
of Park Nook, Quorndon, Derby, before the London Farmers' Club, on February 6, 
1871. Mr. Coleman's lecture and the speeches which followed it, reported in the 
Journal of the Farmers' Club (Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, London), are an 
admirable discussion of the whole subject. Mr. Jenkins had directed attention 
in the Sixth Volume (1870) of this ' Journal' to the applicability of the American 
factory system to English dairies. 
t See vol. vi., p. 173 : Second Series of the ' Journal.' 
