On Cheese-making in Home Dairies and in Factories. 293 
tolerably uniform temperature. The accommodation includes 
the usual arrangements for receiving and weighing the milk as 
it is brought up morning and evening, vats, and water-wheel 
for working the agitators, store-room for the materials employed, 
easterns for the whev as it is drawn from the cheese-vats — and 
I thence, after being skimmed, to the tank, from which it is pumped 
to the customers, a butter dairv, a well and pump and tank of 
sufficient capacity for night use, ample flooring for cheese, 
and a house for the manager. The whole, 1 understand will 
be erected and equipped for the sum of 1200/., which is about 
30s. per cow on the possible number whose milk could be re- 
ceived at it. This is being erected by Mr. C. E. Newton, the 
owner of many of the farms from which milk will be received ; 
and a rent will be charged. 
This seems to be the way in which the system can best be 
introduced. Certainly the landowner is interested in the adop- 
tion of a manufacture by which the money value of the annual 
produce of his estate is very materially increased ; and he may 
therefore be expected to erect the buildings and fixtures neces- 
sary for it, charging a sufficient rent, leaving the contributors to 
provide all the utensils and portable " plant." 
The respective shares of landowner and tenant, in providing 
the means for starting the factory system, were the subject of a 
■discussion at Derby in December last, of which the following 
seemed to be the generally accepted conclusion. I quote jNIr. 
■Gilbert Murray's letter to the ' Derby Mercury ' : — 
" The proprietor of the land to erect at his own cost the whole of the 
necessary buildings, and obtain [a. sufficient supply of water, either conveyed 
through pipes from the nearest source, or from a well sunk ou the premises, 
for which a rent-charge of 5 per cent, per annum on the amount so expended 
shall be payable to the proprietor, the tenants undertaking to repair. This 
rent, whatever its amount, should be charged pro rata, on the number of 
<;ows, and included in the working expenses. The term ' fixed plant,' which 
should likewise be erected at the cost of the proprietor, would include the 
steam-engine and boiler, with all shafting, pulleys, belts, and other connec- 
tions; desk, and other office fixtures; agitator-wheel, weighing-machines, 
lift, tramway and waggon, stoves and pipes, cheese-shelves, steam and water- 
pipes — the tenants or milk suppliers covenanting to repair and pay at the rate 
of 7 per cent, a year interest on the first cost, each individual milk contributor 
having no further interest in the fixed plant beyond the time he continues a 
member of the Association. Hence this payment should likewise be included 
in the working expenses. 
" The 'portable plant' will include the milk-vats, curd-knives, presses, curd- 
mill, hoops, churn, tin vessels, pails, and buckets. Those would be furnished 
by the contributoi-s at a cost of from 5s. to 10s. per cow, which every farmer 
would be called upon to pay on entry, or at least at the expiration of the first 
working year. The probable duration of the portable plant is ten years; 
this will entail a cost of 10 per cent, per annum in order to replace it iu that 
time, or an annual charge of 6c?. to Is. per cow. This is clearly a capital 
account, and should be treated as such, and kept entirely distinct from the 
