296 On Cheese-making in Home Dairies and in Factories. 
already given, I hear that they have had throughout the past 
season the milk of 230 cows, the property of 17 contributors: 
79,722 gallons of milk have been received, and 81,288 lbs. 
(677 cwt. 48 qrs.) of green cheese have been made; 614 cwt. 
3 qrs. 27 J lbs. have been sold at an average price of 8O5. 9rf. per 
cwt., indicating a shrinkage of 9 per cent. The cost of labour 
had been 120/. ; of fuel, 15/. 7s. Id. ; of salt, rennet, annatto, 
and bandages, 28/. %s. ; of rent and interest on plant, 18/. 16s. 
The balance for distribution, supposing there is no charge for 
marketing, would be close on 6^r/. per gallon for cheese alone, 
exclusive of whey and butter. 
At the Windley Hall f actory, where a considerable quantity 
of the milk received had been sent to London, the cost of labour 
— manager, 75/., assistant, 29/. 14s., and extra-assistant, 11/. 13s., 
— amounted to 116/. 7s., or 2s. per cwt., for the 58 tons 17 cwt. 
3 qrs. and 3 lbs. of green cheese which had been made. The 
cost of materials — coal, 15/. 16s. 4r/., coke, 21. 19s. 2r/., bandages 
and cloths, 4/. 14s. Id., salt, 5?. 8s., rennet, 22/. 17s. 8rf., and 
annatto, 1/. 12s. — amounted to 53/. 7s. od., or 11c/. per cwt. of 
the cheese. The petty expenses, amounting to 11. 9s. 5rf., reached 
l^rf. per cwt. ; the account-keeping — 10/. — came to about 2rf., 
and the rent of the building and plant — 40/. — to 8f?. per cwt. 
The cost upon the whole thus reached 3s. lOd. per cwt. of the 
green cheese manufactured, or, assuming a shrinkage of 10 per 
cent., to rather more than 4s. 3rf. per cwt, over the sale. De- 
ducting the charges for rent and accountant, it would amount to 
4s. exactly. And let it be remembered that this on a dairy of 
30, 40, 50, or 60 cows, yielding 4 cwt. of cheese apiece, would 
amount to an expenditure of only 24/., 32/., 40/., or 48/. respec- 
tively for the sum of the items of labour, fuel, and materials 
employed in cheese-making. Of course the milk has to be carried 
under this system, and the milking of the cows and the scalding 
of the vessels have still to be done and paid for under any system ; 
but it is not to be doubted that there is here an immense saving 
of labour and cost. And this, it is plain, is not the only nor 
the principal advantage : the value of the produce is the leading 
consideration after all, and when the prices realised at a factory 
come to be considered, it is plain that, dealing as it does with 
the milk of so many dairies, they must be compared, not with 
the maximum, but witli the average experience. There are no 
doubt a few who, on hearing that the whole cheese of Windley 
Hall dairy made 83s. 7Jf/. per cwt. for the year 1873, and 81s. 
per cwt. for 1874, up to the date of our information, will know 
tiiat they made as much, or even more ; but the great majority 
must confess that they wouKl have gained considerably, apart 
altogether Irom the diuiinishcd cost of labour, had their milk 
