312 
IFool in Relation to Science with Practice. 
France stand at the head of the wool manufacture. In the 
year 1870-71, England manufactured 330,000,000, and France 
300,000,000 pounds of wool of all descriptions." * 
Imports. 
Exports. 
North America 
lbs. 
238,820,8.^2 
167,422,200 
147,092,128 
90,000,000 
21,680,900 
16,991,972 
2,648,700 
62,202,714 
lbs. 
94,911,916 
25,711,412 
66,543,920 
25,000,000 
16,392,700 
13,906,260 
28,558,577 
12,067,689 
One other important lesson English farmers may learn from 
the Vienna Exhibition of 1873 : leaving out of present con- 
sideration the very suggestive terms " Lincoln Zackels," " South- 
down Silesians," and " German Southdowns," we are taught that 
in Germany, as in England, the tendency towards breeding for 
weight is very evident ; trans-oceanic competition in wool- 
growing causes German sheep more and more to be bred for 
their meat — wool and meat. 
Let me here exhort the English farmer and ram-breeder to lift 
up his heart to profit by the lesson he is for the first time taught 
by an Imperial census, that he is a unit in an empire that 
numbers 235 millions of British subjects, scattered over 8 millions 
of square miles, distributed upon every considerable portion of 
the face of this^ earth ; and therefore it is profitable, before 
averting our theoretical glance from the wool of the world, to 
study the universal trade requirements, which should be the ivool- 
grower'' s aim and object. 
We are told by authority :t — ■ 
"There is every probability that the worsted manufacture will long be 
able to afford remunerating price.s for any quantity of good, serviceable 
combing- wool which the world may be capable of [iroducing. 
" It is desired to call the attention of all flock-masters to the fact that wool, 
to be fit for combing purposes, and to obtain the higher prices ■v^'hich siTch 
wool commands, must possess qualities which, in most instances, can be 
imparted to it. 
" It may be useful to draw attention to a few general observations on the 
qualities of the staple, which all owners of sheep ought to aim at, so far as 
the nature of climate, soil, and other circumstances may jiermit. 
" The wool most in request, and always fetching the highest price, has a 
staple from four to ten inches long, according to its fineness ; it ought to be, 
as far as possible, uniform in quality throughout its whole length; bright 
* Con.sns of Englrnid and Wales, 1871. ' General Report,' vol. iv., p. vii. The 
vastcht census that lias ever been (aken in one empire. 
t 'Circular Address and Iteports' (tor all parts of the world). Bradford 
Chamber of Commerce. 1869. 
