468 Report on Laying down Land to Permanent Pasture. 
ones the reverse way. I have always sown with a crop, and have found tli( 
■following mixtures succeed well : — 
Seeds for Shahj Soils. 
2 lbs. Sweet Vernal. 
3 „ Crested Dogstail. 
2 „ Meadow Fescue. 
3 „ Cocksfoot. 
2 „ Sheep's Fescue. 
2 „ Tall Fescue. 
2 Rough-stalked Meadow-grass. 
4 „ White Clover. 
2 „ Alsike. 
2 „ Ribgrass. 
8 „ Perennial Eye-grass. 
Total— 32 lbs. 
Seeds for Very Stiff Soils. 
4 lbs. Crested Dogstail. 
1 „ Sweet Vernal. 
3 ,, Cocksfoot. 
4 „ Tall Fescue. 
4 „ Meadow Fescue. 
3 „ Rough - stalked Meadow 
grass. 
2 „ Meadow Fosstail. 
4 „ Timothy. 
2 „ Alsike. 
2 „ White Clover. 
6 „ Perennial Rye-grass. 
5 ,, Italian do. 
Total— 40 lbs. 
I have generally sown artificial manure with the seeds, and limed the foL 
lowing spring. The crop should be mown early the first year, and not eatei 
too bare with sheep. My altered mode of farming pays me better than mj 
former practice. I save the keep of two horses, and the expenses of about : 
man and a half: my breeding-stock of cattle and sheep are considerably 
increased. 
My landlord (the Earl of Powis) found seeds for 12 j acres, on condition thai 
the land should not be ploughed up again. 
My experience is that land certainly need not be so dry for grazing as foi 
arable farming : I consider that many pastures are overdrained, and that somf 
of my own sutler in that respect. 
With regard to artificial grasses in rotation, I seldom let them lie mort 
than one year. 
My permanent pastures I find pay me to improve by the application ol 
bone-manures and compost, and by tlie consumption of roots and purchascc 
focid for sheep upon them : but I must confess that bones have not had s( 
much effect as I looked for. Yard-manure produces good results. 
Since writing the above, I have used a mixture of 3 cwt. kainit, 2 cwt, 
bone superphosphate, and 1 cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre to lately seeded 
pasture, with veiy good results. 
John Shukeb. 
19. HoLKEE, Caek-in-Cartmel, Lancashire. 
In 1854, not being able to meet with a suitable tenant, I took in hand s 
poor cold clay farm, belonging to his Grace tlie Duke of Devonshire, whici 
■had previously been let at IDs. per acre, but upon whicli no tenant ever did 
any good. I broke it up out of grass, gave it a summer fallow, applied 4 cwt, 
per acre of Peruvian guano, and sowed it down with mixed grass-seeds, without 
a crop. Since that time portions of it have been top-dressed. It was then 
let in separate lots for a time, but is now in one farm, at 30s. per acre. I have 
also laid down about 130 acres of land, reclaimed from INIorecambe Bay : this 
has gone through a regular course of cropping, and been sown down, generallj 
■without a grain-crop. 
My opinion is that land of this description will pay best in grass, (rood 
