512 
Report on the Health of Animals of the Farm. 
fection for a long and indefinite period, and cannot consequently- 
be safely herded with those which are healthy. 
Cattle-plague. — Since the beginning of the year this fearful 
malady has produced serious losses among the cattle in Illyria, 
Austria, Galicia, Poland, and contiguous countries. Hungary, 
however, is reported to have escaped the introduction of the 
pest. Early in the year the disease crossed the Polish frontier 
and entered East Prussia, but was very quickly exterminated. 
An official inquiry into the circumstance failed to show the 
means by which the disease had been introduced. The malady 
also extended at that time to Saxony, but was speedily stamped 
out by the sacrifice of a very few animals. 
In April some alarm was created here by reports that the 
cattle-plague had broken out in Holland, which, however, was 
soon allayed by official contradiction. The latest intelligence, how- 
ever, of the spread of the disease in Eastern Europe is not very 
encouraging, especially so far as Germany is concerned, as a very 
virulent and extensive outbreak of the disease in the Russian pro- 
vinces adjacent to East Prussia is reported to have taken place. 
Typhoid fever in Pigs. — In the Report for the latter half of 
last year it was stated that several cases of this disease had 
occurred in different parts of the country, and notably in Somer- 
setshire. Recently we have ascertained that the malady still 
continues in the Western counties, and that large numbers of 
pigs, the subjects of typhoid fever, have died in Monmouthshire, 
especially near Abergavenny. 
This outbreak of typhoid fever has been made the subject of 
a special investigation ; and among several new and valuable 
experiments to determine the pathological characters of the 
disease, the following have been instituted by Professor Axe : — 
Two healthy pigs were placed in a stable in which a diseased 
one was confined, and secured in such a manner as to prevent the- 
possibility of contact between them and the diseased animal. 
The stable was kept locked and no one allowed to go into it 
except in the presence of Mr. Axe, who superintended the 
feeding and management of the animals, as daily required. On 
the morning of the third day — a little more than < forty -eight 
hours after exposure of the healthy pigs to the infection — the 
diseased one was removed and killed. 
The experimental pigs were still kept strictly isolated and 
carefully watched. On the fifth day after the exposure, one of 
them gave indications of ill-health, and on the seventh day the 
other also was unwell. Typhoid fever gradually developed itself 
in both, and on May 13th one pig died, and the other on the- 
18th. The post-mortem examination which was made in each 
case revealed all the ordinary lesions of typhoid fever. 
