Hints on Vegetable and Fruit Farming. 
85 
the end of April where the plants are required, so that no trans- 
planting is necessary, and the strongest plants should be retained 
and trained to a wall or to a stake, and the pinching and topping 
process done as often as necessary. The plants require watering 
if it is dry, in their early stage. 
Cabbage, Cauliflower and Broccoli. Plants may be 
grown for sale with good results. Upon a farm in Essex, visited 
in 1879, several acres of cabbage-plants were sold at 40/. per 
acre, having only been eight weeks on the ground. The seed 
was sown in August, and the plants were cleared off by October, 
in time for wheat to be sown. A splendid crop of carrots 
(bunched) had been cleared off in July. 
The cultivation of seeds is frequently productive of much 
profit, especially of Onion-SEED, and Mangold- and TuRNIP- 
SEEDS, which are grown very advantageously by market-garden 
farmers and by farmers. Mangold-seed is grown from seed 
drilled in a seed-bed at the rate of 1 cwt. per acre, which will 
give plants enough for 6 acres. The plants are left in the 
seed-bed till early in April, when they are transplanted in 
rows 20 inches apart, with intervals of 20 inches between each 
plant, in the rows. Cutting is done in September before the 
seed is fully ripe, as it will run out if it is allowed to become 
too ripe. The seed-stalks are bound up in small sheaves and 
are thrashed by a machine. An average crop of seed is about 
18 cwt. per acre. Prices run from 28s. to 60s. per cwt. 
Seed-Peas are also grown in parts of Kent, Essex, and other 
counties to great advantage. These are generally grown for 
seedsmen, who find the seed and pay so much per quarter for 
the produce. In a few cases farmers grow seed-peas on their 
own account. There is a demand in America for good sorts of 
peas for podding, which farmers may just as well supply as the 
seedsmen. 
Turnip-Seeds of different sorts are grown from plants trans- 
planted from a seed-bed in November, and set at about the 
same distance as the mangold-plants. The stalks are cut in 
July. An average yield is 25 bushels per acre, and the price 
runs from 14s. to 25s. per bushel. 
Radish -seed is generally obtained from seed sown in the 
spring, with the surplus plants hoed out. An average crop is 
22 bushels per acre, and the price is about 20s. per bushel. 
It is a bulky, troublesome crop to harvest. 
There are other seeds that might be grown by the farmer, and 
other vegetables and herbs that could be cultivated. POTATOES 
have not been alluded to, as they are already largely grown by 
farmers. Market-garden farmers do not, as a rule, grow many 
potatoes. When they do grow them they generally plant early 
