Hints on Vegetable and Fruit Farming. 
95 
extra cost to ensure good trees of the sorts desired. They must 
be careful to buy only of respectable nurserymen, or of fruit- 
growers of standing, and should require full guarantees. The 
cost of planting, staking, and fencing would be from 4/. to 8/. 
per acre. In plantations the trees only require to be protected 
against rabbits by cages of galvanised wire-netting. The best 
manure for apple-orchards is farmyard-manure laid round the 
trees, or manure from sheep, cake or corn fed. Superphosphate, 
bones, nitrate of soda, and potash may be occasionally used with 
advantage. Rags, fur waste, and refuse manure are used in 
plantations. As to the sorts of apples much must depend upon 
the locality. As a rule, however, the following may be planted : 
— Foi- cooking purposes, the Early Julien (ready in August) ; 
Keswick Codlin (September) ; Manx's Codlin (September) ; Lord 
Sufiield, a famous apple (September and October) ; Cellini Pippin 
(September). The Ecklinville Seedling, Old Hawthornden, 
Stone's Apple, or Loddington Seedling, New Hawthornden — 
a capital apple, follow on in November ; and for the winter 
months, keeping up to the spring, there are none better than the 
Blenheim Orange, Northern Greening, Lady Henniker, Golden 
Noble, Lord Derby, — a magnificent apple. Winter Queening, 
Grenadier^ Wellington, Warner's King, Norfolk Beaufin, and 
Gooseberry Pippin. Among dessert apples, the best and earliest 
is Mr. Gladstone, a new and beautifully-coloured fruit, ripe in 
August. The Red Jujieating, the Early Strawberry — a perfect 
picture, and the Red Quarrenden, also handsome, are ripe in 
September. For September and October the sorts would be the 
Worcester Pearmain, one of the mort brilliantly-coloured apples 
that can be seen ; the Red Astrachan, a lovely combination of 
red and white ; and the Summer Nonpareil ; and for keeping, 
the Ribston Pippin, Cox's Orange Pippin and the Margil, both 
these last being of exquisite flavour, exceeding that of the 
American New Town Pippin ; Court of Wick, Claygate Pear- 
main, Mannington Pearmain, King Pippin and Blenheim 
Orange, Gascoyne's Seedling and the Golden Knob. Some of 
these, notably Lord Suffield, Stones and Keswick Codlin, come 
into bearing after a year or two. In ten years there would be 
a good return from most of the trees, if they had been well- 
selected, well-planted, and properly managed. Half-standards 
are sometimes put in plantations. These trees should be formed 
by working upon a stock known as the Doucin, which exercises 
a dwarfing influence upon the habit of growth, and causes early 
fruiting. These stocks are worked close to the ground, whereas, 
in the case of standards, the crab- or apple-stocks, grown from 
pips, are worked standard high. The trees may be allowed to 
grow up with a single stem as high as it is wished, and a head 
formed as in standards ; while the side growth should not be cut 
