98 
Hints on Vegetable and Fruit Farming. 
case of apple-trees, though the distance between the trees may be 
somewhat lessened, unless plum-trees or damson-trees are planted 
between the pear-trees, as sometimes is done by fruit-growers 
in Kent, where they are set 12 yards apart. Half-standards 
raised upon Quince stocks may be set much more closely in 
plantations ; and bushes may be set more closely still, and 
planted with very good results, both in large plantations and 
in gardens. Pears can be grown just as well as apples 
upon bushes and pyramids, and any one may have the finest 
fruit in his garden, in the garden of the farm and in the fruit- 
plantation, at a small expense, with but a little attention, and 
quickl}'. The old saying that one " plants pears for his heirs " i's 
no longer applicable. For bushes, well-selected Quince stocks 
are grafted close to the ground. For standards, clean pear-stems 
are grafted at standard height. In America pears are exten- 
sively grown upon bushes. Some time ago an account was 
given in an American paper of the return of a dwarf-pear plan- 
tation, which was 120Z. per acre, at ten years old. The best 
sorts of pears for ordinary culture are Doyenne d'£te. Chalk 
(July) ; Lammas, Windsor, Caillot, Rosat, Bellissime d'Au- 
tomne (August) : Williams' Bon Chretien, Yat, Bergamot, 
Hessle — a very prolific pear, Marie Louise, Eyewood (Septem- 
ber) ; Beurre Bosc (October) ; Beurre de Capiaumont, Duchesse 
d'Angouleme, Rondelet, Catillac, Bishop's Thumb, Broom Park. 
For pyramids or bushes, the following sorts are suited : — 
Doyenne d'£te, Beurre Giffard, Beurre d'Assomption, Souvenir 
du Congres, Gratioli of Jersey, Beurre Superfin, Beurre Hardy, 
Doyenne du Cornice, Pitmaston Duchess, Fondante d'Automne, 
Winter Nelis, Olivier de Serres, Easter Beurre, Beurre Ranee. 
For the farm-garden the best kinds of pears that might be 
grown, either on standards, pyramids, or bushes, or espaliers, 
are the Souvenir de Congres, Beurre Clairgeau, Louis Bonne of 
Jersey, Durondeau, Beurre Superfin. These are remarkably 
fine pears, and may be sent to market by the dozen, and will 
always find a sale at good prices. 
Pears and apples that ripen in the winter require to be 
carefully kept in a dry well-ventilated chamber, with an even 
temperature, and laid upon stout laths set an inch and a half 
apart to allow circulation of air. A series of trays placed one 
above the other, running in grooves, is the best form, as they can 
be pulled out and the fruit examined. They should frequently 
be examined, and sent to market when ready.* It would pay 
• It is too much the custom for large fruit-growers to send their apples and 
pears to market straight from the tree, and then they wonder tliat tliey make 
poor pricos. No doubt they are wise in sending off the common kinds, for wl»ich 
there is generally a ready sale for smashing ; but it is a sacrifice to consign fruit 
