On Green or Fodder Crops. 
135 
room — not less than 2 feet every way when finally planted out 
— on account of its branching form of growth." 
Another new candidate for field culture is " Buckman's Hardy 
Winter Green," so called because Professor Buckman some 
years since derived it quite new from the wild cabbage which 
grows on the rocks at Llandudno, North Wales. The Professor 
considers it a remarkably hardy as well as productive plant, 
and mentions that in 1866-7 it stood the severe winter better 
than any other. He informs me also that a hardy broccoli was 
derived from the same source — the Llandudno wild cabbage. 
Messrs. Sutton and Sons, Reading, to whom I applied for in- 
formation specially referring to the winter green, in consequence 
of Professor Buckman having stated that he had transferred its 
propagation to their hands, have written to me as follows : — 
" The variety was placed in our hands by the Professor some years since, 
and is unquestionably a very valuable plant. It is hardier and more pro- 
ductive than the Cottager's Kale, but does not seed so well, hence has not 
yet come into extensive cultivation. The proper time to sow the seed is 
March, and a very useful crop will be produced in October and November. 
It will also stand through the winter well, for late spring gathering, for 
market, or for sheep-feed." 
Kohl-Rabi. 
This plant has been adopted into English field culture for 
more than a century — long before the swede turnip was intro- 
duced. This is sufficiently proved by what Arthur Young 
states in his ' Farmers' Calendar.' He terms it Reynolds' 
Cabbage Turnip, and says ; — 
" It is a remarkable circumstance that very great and successful exertions 
were made in the culture of this plant thirty years ago, but that it went out 
of general use without any sufficient reason, for its great merit was then well 
known. Long since that period the ruta baga, or Swedish turnip, was intro- 
duced, but in Norfolk the depredations of the fly upon this plant have been so 
great that it is also in danger of being given up." 
This was written just at the commencement of the present 
century, and the same fate appears to have been experienced by 
the crop ever since, coming into use spasmodically, by fits and 
starts, when a cycle of dry summers has led to unfavourable cir- 
cumstances for turnip-crops. The experience of the leading 
old-established seed-houses bears full testimony to this. Mr. 
Sutton, Sen., of the Reading firm, recollects several ebbs and 
flows in the demand for kohl-seed, and is of opinion that the 
culture of the plant was increasing very much about ten years 
ago, since when there have been better yields of the swede 
turnip, causing kohl culture gradually to decline once again. 
This is entirely confirmed by Mr. Frederick Street, of Somersham 
Park, St. Ives, who writes to me as follows : — 
