320 Field Experiments on Swedish Turnips. 
manured and otherwise treated exactly in the same way as the 
wheat in Rotation No. 4 in 1881, yielded on 
Plot 1 — 21"2 bushels of head-wheat, weighing only 51 lbs., 
per bushel, and 1-5 bushels of tail-wheat. 
Plot 2 — 24'1 bushels of head-wheat, weighing 51 lbs, per bushel, 
and 2*1 bushels of tail-wheat. 
Plot 3 — 20 bushels of head-wheat, weighing 51 lbs. per bushel, 
and 1'9 bushels of tail-wheat. 
Plot 4 — 23'5 bushels of head-wheat, weighing 51'8 lbs. per 
bushel, and 1*6 bushels of tail-wheat. 
1880, it will be remembered, in many parts of the country 
turned out one of the worst corn-growing seasons which we 
have had for many years past. The weather was cold, and 
much rain fell towards harvest-time, and the wheat-crop had 
not a fair chance of properly ripening ; the w heat in conse- 
quence yielded badly, and produced a miserable sample. 
In 1881, on the contrary, we had fine and genial weather in 
the spring, and the early part of the summer, and we were fortu- 
nate enough to cut the wheat in a well-matured condition 
before the continuous rains towards the end of August set in, 
and in many places did serious injury to the corn-harvest. 
The experimental field is by no means strong wheat- 
land, but rather a light good barley-soil. Nevertheless it 
yielded in 1881 fully 7 qrs. of good wheat, and over 2 tons of 
clean and fine straw. This successful result I am inclined to 
ascribe mainly to the more favourable season in comparison 
with the preceding one, and also to the fact that the wheat-crop 
of 1881 was sown a month earlier than in 1880, and in the 
beginning of November had made its appearance above ground ; 
whilst in 1880 the seed remained under ground for more than 
2^ months before it pushed through the soil. The wheat in 
1881 thus had a start of fully three months over that of 1880, 
and this circumstance no doubt went far to explain the successful 
yield of the wheat-crop last year, and the failure of the preceding 
year. 
XII. — Field Experiments on Swedish Turnips with Soluble and 
finely ground Phosphatic Fertilisers. By Dr. AUGUSTUS 
VOELCKKE, F.R.S. 
In 1880 a number of experiments with various kinds of phos- 
phatic manures were tried at Crawley Mill Farm, Woburn, in 
VVarren-field, on rather retentive soil, containing more clay 
than any of the other fields at Crawley. It appeared to me 
desirable to try in 1881 similar experiments on some of our 
