of the Animals of the Farm. 
415 
cisors, but this fact is not to be recognised until the teeth are 
removed from the jaw. No question is likely to arise in the 
mind of the examiner as to the distinction between temporary 
and permanent organs ; in fact the common term " broad teeth," 
as applied to the latter, sufficiently indicates their prominent 
feature. 
Molar teeth are named first, second, or third, according to their 
position. In the temporary set there are three molars on each 
side of the upper and lower jaw, and in the adult these teeth are 
changed for permanent organs; while three additional teeth, 
the fourth, fifth, and sixth in position, all of which are perma- 
nent teeth from the first, are added, making the full set of per- 
manent molar teeth six on each side of the upper and lower jaws. 
In the mouth of the calf at birth, the temporary teeth, molars,, 
and incisors, are all so far advanced, that they may be seen in 
outline under the gum, and commonly the cutting edges of the 
incisors and a few of the points of the molars are uncovered. 
The illustration f Fig. 22) shows the state of the incisors at birth. 
Fig. 22.— Incisors of Calf at hirth. 
The advance of the teeth and the receding of the gums pro- 
ceed very rapidly after birth, and at the age of one month the 
temporary teeth, viz. eight incisors in the lower jaw, and three 
molars on each side in the top and bottom jaws, are fully de- 
veloped. Figs. 23 and 24 (p. 416), show the temporary incisors 
and molars in the calf of one month old. 
No accurate opinion of the age of a calf can be formed from 
the observation of the state of the dentition between the ages 
of one and six months, when the fourth molar is cut ; but during 
this period the jaws expand, the incisor teeth gradually be- 
come less ctowded, and the space between the third molar and 
