480 Deerfoot Farm Centrifugal Dairy. 
cattle ; and as the character of cattle are influenced by breeding, 
and as it is probable that the possession of the Jersey breed has 
had much influence in determining the direction towards the 
present outcome of Mr. Burnett's system, we must devote a few 
pages to his herd — the Deerfoot herd. 
This herd was established by Dr. Joseph Burnett, in 1854, 
the animals coming from the Taintor importation, through 
Dr. Morton, of ether-discovery fame. 
The object Dr. Burnett had in view was to secure richness of 
quality of milk and an abundant flow. To this end he carried 
his selections and his breeding. When the herd came into pos- 
session of Mr. Edward Burnett, in 1871, the same system was 
continued. No attention was or has been paid to solid colours 
or fancy points, but the whole desire was to obtain cows of large 
average size for the breed, long and rangy bodies, largely deve- 
loped udders and escutcheons, and especially to secure udders of 
the Ayrshire type, but with large teats. The results that are 
now reached indicate clearly the wisdom of this course. There 
is now that uniformity in the herd which illustrates successful 
breeding. The colours are a dark grey ; the size large for the 
breed ; the head fine ; the horns small and of Jersey texture and 
quality ; the neck slim ; the body long ; the hips and flanks 
broad and deep ; the carcass heavy in the rear, and giving an 
impression of lightness forward ; the udder capacious, extending 
well forward, rather flat on the sole and well teated ; the escut- 
cheon-marks well developed and well placed. 
These cows mature early and continue their milk flow for a 
long time from calving. They are deep milkers, as the records 
which we present for the past seven years prove ; indeed the 
quantity of milk is very large, and disproves the frequent 
assumption that the Jersey cow cannot be a large milker. The 
milk is of rich quality, the herd trials giving a range of 1 lb. 
of butter to from 17 to 21 lbs. of milk, according to season, and 
other adventitious circumstances, under the ordinary methods 
of butter making; and 1 lb. of butter to from 16 to 20 lbs. of 
milk, with the centrifugal process of separating the cream. The 
butter is of high colour and quality, and for many years has 
been of the " gilt-edged " type. 
It is well to note that these are statements of herd trials, 
including all the cows in milk, and do not apply to the especial 
performance of any one cow. 
Since 1873 a careful record has been kept of the milk yield of 
each cow in the herd, and I have taken these yields from 
Mr. Burnett's books, and the averages given below include every 
registered Jersey in milk during the year, and is rather below 
the real yield as including the young heifers, some of which 
