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VALERI ANEiE — DIPSACE^E. 
5. V. eriocarpa (Desv.) ; fr. oval crowned with the large ob- 
lique open unequally 5 — 7-toothed calyx flat in front with an 
oval space inclosed between 2 elevated curved ribs (barren cells) 
convex behind, corymb condensed : branches short. — Very dif- 
ferent in habit from the preceding but scarcely affording any 
specific character. It may be a variety. — Great Ormes Head, 
N. Wales. A. VI. E. 
Order XLV. DIPS ACE /E. 
Fl. capitate. Cal. superior, surrounded by an involucre which 
closely invests the ripe fruit. Cor. 4 — 5-fid with unequal lobes. 
Stam. 4, inserted in the tube, free, filaments not jointed. Style 1. 
Stigma simple. Ovary 1-celled with a pendulous ovule. Fr. 
crowned with the pappus-like calyx. Embryo in fleshy albumen. 
1. Dipsacus. Inner calyx cupshaped, outer forming a thick- 
ened margin to the germen. Cor. 4-fid. Receptacle with 
spinous scales shorter than the involucre. Fr. with 4 sides 
and 8 little depressions. 
2. Knautia. Inner calyx cupshaped with radiant teeth, outer 
terminating in 4 small teeth. Receptacle hairy : scales 0. 
Fr. with 4 sides and 4 little depressions. 
3. Scabiosa. Inner calyx of 5 bristles, outer membranous 
and plaited. Receptacle scaly. Fr. nearly cylindrical with 
8 excavations. 
1. Dipsacus Linn. 
1. D. sylvestris (L.) ; 1. opposite undivided sessile, stem I. 
connate, scales of the receptacle straight at the end longer than the 
flowers, involucres curved upwards. — E. B. 1032. — St. 5—6 feet 
high, prickly, leafy, branched. Heads of fl. large, conical, over- 
topped by the slender ascending involucre. — Hedges and road- 
sides. B. VIII. IX. Wild Teasel. 
*2. D. Fullonum (L.) ; 1. opposite undivided sessile, stem 1. con- 
nate, scales of the receptacle hooked at the end as long as the flowers, 
involucres reflexed. — E. B. 2080. — St. 5 — 6 feet high, prickly, 
leafy, branched. Heads of fl. obtuse, conical, about as long as 
the spinous spreading involucre. — West of England, scarcely 
wild. B. VIII. IX. Teasel. E. 
3. D. pilosus (L.) ; I. stalked with lateral leaflets, scales of the 
receptacle obovate-cuspidate straight, involucres deflexed. — E. B. 
877- — St. 3 — 4 feet high, branched, rough, leafy. Heads of fl. 
small, globose, longer than the involucres. — Moist shady places. 
B. VIII. E. 
2. Knautia Coult. 
1. C. arvensis (Coult.) ; lower 1. simple, stem 1. pinnatifid, 
