COMl'OSIT/E. 
155 
***** Receptacle generally without scales. Pappus filiform, 
very soft, deciduous, never feathery nor dilated at the base, 
silvery. 
45. Lactuca. Heads few-flowered. Involucre imbricated in 
2 — 4 rows, outer row shorter, scales with a membranous 
margin. Fr. piano-compressed, contracted and produced 
into a filiform beak which is not crowned nor muricated at 
the base. 
46. Taraxacum. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double ; 
inner of 1 row, erect ; outer of few short lax or adpressed 
imbricated scales. Fr. subcorapressed, muricated and sud- 
denly contracted above, produced into a filiform beak. 
47- Baiikiiausia. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double, 
inner of 1 row, outer of short lax scales. Fr. terete, all (or 
the inner ones only) gradually contracted into a long beak. 
48. Crepis. Heads many- flowered. Involucre double, inner 
of 1 row, outer of short lax scales. Fr. terete, narrowed 
upwards or obscurely beaked. 
49- Sonchus. Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated 
with 2 or 3 rows of unequal scales. Fr. piano-compressed, 
truncate above not beaked. 
50. Mulgedium. Heads many-flowered. Involucre double, 
inner of 1 row, outer of short lax imbricated scales. Fr. com- 
pressed constricted above and terminating in a ciliated disk. 
Outer rows of the pappus rigid and brittle. 
****** Pappus rigid, brittle, at length brownish or yellowish. 
Otherwise like the preceding section. 
51. Hieracium. Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbri- 
cated with many oblong scales. Fr. terete, angular, fur- 
rowed, truncate above not beaked, with a very short cre- 
nulated margin. 
Anomalous Genus. 
52. Xanthium. Heads moncecious, homogamous. Male. 
Involucre of 1 row of free scales, many-flowered. Receptacle 
scaly. Cor. funnelshaped, 5-cleft. Anth. free. Stigma 
obtuse, entire. — Fem. fl. 2, inclosed within the involucre 
which is terminated by 1 — 2 beaks and covered with hooked 
spines and at length hardened over the fruit. Cor. filiform. 
Stam. 0. Stigmas 2, diverging, linear. Fr. compressed 
each occupying a cell in the involucre. 
